Synthesis and characterization of multi-responsive iron oxide nanoparticles: Evaluation of antibacterial properties and photocatalytic activity

• Published in: Journal of molecular liquids 2025-01, Vol.417, p.126619, Article 126619
• Main Authors: Birusanti, Arun Babu, Espenti, Chandra Sekhar, Surendra, T.V., Srinivas, B., Srinivasulu, M., Peddulaiah, K., Rao, Kummara Madhusudana, Han, Sung Soo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antibacterial activity; Cape gooseberry; Green synthesis; Iron oxide nanoparticles; Photocatalysis
• ISSN: 0167-7322
• DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2024.126619

Graphical representation of the synthesis of the iron oxide nanoparticles and their Antibacterial study. [Display omitted] •Environmentally friendly synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (CG-IONPs) using Cape gooseberry leaf extract as a natural reducing agent.•Comprehensive characterization of CG-IONPs using FTIR, XRD, PL, XPS, TG/DTA, TEM, and DLS techniques.•Evaluation of antibacterial activity against harmful pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica.•Utilization of phytochemicals from natural raw materials for efficient and eco-friendly nanoparticle synthesis.•Demonstration of CG-IONPs' effectiveness in removing dyes and mitigating water contamination, showcasing potential for environmental applications. Cape gooseberry (CG) plant leaf extract-mediated iron oxide nanoparticles (CG-IO NPs) were fabricated for antibacterial research. The ideal concentration of the precursor salt, pH (11) of the reaction mixture, reducing agent to precursor salt ratio, and the production time of iron oxide nanoparticles were 5 mM, 9.0, 3:7, and 25 min, respectively. The iron oxide nanoparticles were tested using ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify functional groups of the compounds, including the carbonyl, CH, and OH bands that reduced and produced nanoparticles. The size and shape of the synthesized CG-IO NPs were determined by TEM and dynamic light scattering, with the median and mean size of 13.9 nm and 15.8 nm, respectively. The thermal stability of the synthesized CG-IO NPs was assessed using TG/DTA in a nitrogen atmosphere. The elements and oxidation states of the CG-IO NP components were examined by XPS. The luminosity of the CG-IO NP was examined using PL spectroscopy. The synthetic CG-IO NPs exhibited strong antibacterial effects against dangerous bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica (S. entirica), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcus agalactiae, and Staphylococcus aureus. CG-IO NPs assisted in water reclamation by decomposing Malachite Green dye under solar light irradiation.