Exploring the versatility of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks: Advances in design, stability, and multifunctional applications

• Published in: Journal of molecular structure 2025-02, Vol.1321, p.140221, Article 140221
• Main Authors: Liaquat, Hina, Imran, Muhammad, Saddique, Zohaib, Latif, Shoomaila, Al-Ahmary, Khairia Mohammed, Sohail, Aamir, Raza, Hussain, Ahmed, Mahmood
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomedical applications; Catalysis; Chemical sensing; HOFs; Porosity
• ISSN: 0022-2860
• DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2024.140221

•This paper provides a summary of some fundamental guidelines for building HOFs with strong stability and persistent porosity.•A thorough description of the main uses for HOFs is provided.•Key applications include chemical storage, separation, luminescent materials, biomedical uses, and catalysis.•Emphasis on recent advancements, findings, and the optimistic outlook for future research directions. Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are multidimensional molecular materials based on hydrogen bonded organic building blocks. These interactions result in the formation of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) crystalline networks. Significant advancements have been made in the last ten years in creating stable HOFs with lasting porosities. Extended network with enough strength has been developed while inducing rigidity, interpenetrations, and π-π interactions. Owing to weak hydrogen bonds compared to the coordination and covalent connections utilized in the formation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), HOFs possess distinct characteristics like the ability to be synthesized under moderate conditions, solution processability, and ease of healing and regeneration. The distinctive benefits of HOFs make them an exceptionally adaptable platform for investigating multifunctional porous materials. This work provides a concise summary of fundamental principles for constructing HOFs that possess enduring porosity and exceptional stability. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the primary uses of HOFs, such as chemical storage, separation, luminescent materials, biomedical applications, and catalysis. Concisely, this work is aimed to provide summary and analysis of recent advancements and findings in this field. Furthermore, this paper also examines the optimistic outlooks of HOFs and provides suggestions for prospective avenues of further research. [Display omitted]