Parameter space stability of multiple soft interactions

• Published in: Nuclear physics. A 2020-10, Vol.1002, p.121978, Article 121978
• Main Authors: Thakur, Rahul Kumar, Tiwari, Bhupendra Nath, Nigam, Rahul
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Astroparticle physics; Cosmic rays; Extensive air showers; Gluon density fluctuations; Multiple soft interactions
• ISSN: 0375-9474
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2020.121978

We study the fluctuation theory analysis of multiple soft interactions that are used to design SIBYLL 2.1 and related cosmic ray event generators. We examine fluctuation stabilities of Lund string fragmentation involving quark-antiquark and diquark-antidiquark pairs. Using the primordial transverse momentum hadron-hadron pairs, we find that the resulting Gaussian distribution yields an ill-defined ensemble under fluctuation of the model parameters of parent quarks and diquarks. Further, we investigate the nature of multiple soft interactions through Pomeron-Reggeon fluctuations at various energy scales. We show that there are both stable and unstable regions under fluctuations of the Reggeon and Pomeron densities at all initial energy scales. We find that the optimal stability zone is achieved at the Reggeon and Pomeron densities as predicted by GRV model. For hadron-hadron collisions, the limiting Gaussian profile as a function of the impact parameters of soft interactions for proton-proton collisions corresponds to an indeterminate statistical basis. Subsequently, we add higher order corrections in the Regge trajectory of constituent hadrons that play an important role in determining the shape of a proton or meson profile function in the realm of minijet model. We also discuss the stability of accelerated nucleons with jerks and higher order contributions as well as soft profile functions at off-shell-conditions. In addition, we illustrate the wall of stability/ instability for multiple soft interactions by considering energy dependent soft contributions to scattering cross section as the model embedding. Qualitative discussions are provided at physical energy scales ranging from 1 GeV to 1800 GeV. This includes the analysis of CDF, P238, UA5 and ZEUS experiments.