A novel design of all logic gates in honeycomb photonic crystal and independent of polarization modes (TE/TM) for optical integrated circuit applications

• Published in: Optics and lasers in engineering 2023-02, Vol.161, p.107345, Article 107345
• Main Authors: Shanmuga Vadivu, N., Trabelsi, Youssef, Roopa Jayasingh, J., S, Rajeshkannan, Sani, Mojtaba Hosseinzadeh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: All logical gates; Honeycomb lattice; Independent polarization; Photonic crystal; TE/TM modes
• ISSN: 0143-8166; 1873-0302
• DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2022.107345

•Optical integrated circuits is proposed by honeycomb structure.•Two independent modes are observed by TE and TM mode characteristics.•Using FDTD method, all optical logic gate characterization is studied. In this paper, a novel microstructure of all the optical logical gates in the 2D honeycomb photonic crystal (2D-HPhC) for optical integrated circuits applications is designed and simulated. In most similar structures, the designs are limited to applications and on the other hand, are limited to the type of optical signal polarization mode (TE or TM). The proposed microstructure is important advantages, including being independent of polarization modes (ie, the proposed logic gate works well with both TM and TE polarization modes), and covers the all-basic logic gates such as AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND, XOR, and XNOR. The dimension is very small (suitable for integration), and very low delay time (high speed). The microstructure has three input waveguides (A, B, C) and one output waveguide (Q). The minimum delay time in NAND gate is 0.7 ps. The contrast ratio between the output and input for different gates are 6 dB ∼ 17 dB. The transmission signal rate at best in the XNOR and AND logic gates, and equal to T = 96%. The main function of the microstructure is to use reference input. Reference or controller Input (C) is very important, and by changing the signal phase angle (φ=0° ∼ φ=π°) at this input, all basic logic gates are designed.