HBL/NaF-based and molybdenum ditelluride-immobilized optical fiber SPR sensor for early detection of melamine residue in food products

• Published in: Optics and laser technology 2024-12, Vol.179, p.111386, Article 111386
• Main Authors: Hma Salah, Nasih, Vasimalla, Yesudasu, Kaur, Baljinder, Rasul, Hogr M., Santhosh, Chella, Balaji, Ramachandran, Kumar, Santosh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Melamine Detection; Molybdenum Ditelluride; Optical Fiber Sensor; Surface Plasmon Resonance; Wavelength Interrogation
• ISSN: 0030-3992
• DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111386

[Display omitted] •Early detection of melamine using an SPR-based optical fiber sensor.•Ag and MoTe2 layers optimized for maximum sensitivity and FoM.•Analyzed sensor performance for various milk fat concentrations.•Achieved maximum sensitivity of 11532.6 nm/RIU for 40 % milk fat.•Detailed fabrication procedure and experimental feasibility.•Significant advancement over existing sensor technologies. Melamine is a type of plastic, which is harmful to humans due to its potential to cause severe kidney damage and other urinary system issues. Acute and chronic exposure can lead to significant health problems, necessitating stringent regulatory oversight and preventive measures to protect public health. Therefore, this paper explores the early detection of the melamine with help of optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor by employing the silver (Ag) and molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2). Ag is employed to excite the surface plasmons, whereas MoTe2 is used for the protection of Ag and for enhancing the sensing capacity. For this study, sensor’s performances are analyzed by employing the wavelength and angular interrogation methods simultaneously. The angular and wavelength interrogation methods include monitoring the changes in the angle and wavelength of incidence or reflection of light within an optical sensor. Four different concentrations of milk’s fat, such as 0, 20, 30, and 40 % are considered for the detection process. Firstly, the optimization of Ag and MoTe2 is shown by measuring the performance of sensitivity and figure of merit (FoM). Secondly, performance analysis for the detection of melamine is shown, resulting in the maximum achieved sensitivity and FoM are 11532.6 nm.RIU-1 and 80.647 RIU-1 for fat concentration of 40 %, respectively. Thirdly, the fabrication procedure and experimental feasibility of the proposed sensor are well discussed. Finally, the comparative study between the proposed work and existing work is discussed. Overall, the proposed optical fiber-based SPR sensor has a high potential for early detection of melamine residue in food products.