Palynology of the Early Cretaceous Hanxia Section in the Jiuquan Basin, Northwest China: The discovery of diverse early angiosperm pollen and paleoclimatic significance

• Published in: Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology, 2015-12, Vol.440, p.297-306
• Main Authors: Zhang, Mingzhen, Ji, Liming, Du, Baoxia, Dai, Shuang, Hou, Xuewen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Albian; China; Early angiosperm; Jiuquan Basin; Palynology
• ISSN: 0031-0182; 1872-616X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.09.010

The Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Jiuquan Basin (Northwestern China) located in central Asia are famous for the abundant and diverse fossil products with distinct characteristics of Jehol Biota. However, few early angiosperm remains have been published in their entirety. This study presents a palynomorph record from the recently reported fossil-bearing Zhonggou Formation of the Hanxia Section in the Jiuquan Basin. Here, we first discovered abundant and diverse angiosperm pollen with 16 taxa, which can be classified into four morphological types: tricolpate, polyaperturate, monosulcate and etrachotomocolpate apertures. The palynomorph assemblages contain a large number of biostratigraphically significant palynomorphs, such as numerically abundant tricolpate and rare polyaperturate angiosperm pollen grains, which indicate an Early Albian age for the Zhonggou Formation of the Hanxia Section. The overall palynomorph assemblage is dominated by the Perinopollenites, followed by the Classopollis; bisaccate pollen indicate Taxodiaceae-dominant vegetation types. As such, a relatively temperate and humid climatic condition is suggested for this area. Furthermore, two palynomorph assemblages can be distinguished in a stratigraphically upward order with an obviously increasing Classopollis content, indicating a gradual aridification trend during the Early Albian. This climatic change may affect the diversification of early angiosperms based on the correlation with the stratigraphic distribution of discovered angiosperm pollen. •The fossil-bearing Hanxia Section of Jiuquan Basin was analyzed palynologically.•A diverse early angiosperm pollen group (16 forms) was recovered.•The age-diagnostic palynomorph indicated that the Zhonggou Formation was deposited in the Albian.•An obvious aridification was reflected by the increasing xerophytic vegetation.•This climatic change may have an impact on the diversification of angiosperms.