The last phase of conodont evolution during the Late Triassic: Integrating biostratigraphic and phylogenetic approaches

For the Upper Triassic, conodonts are the primary tools utilized in biostratigraphic investigations. For an effective biostratigraphic zonation, the species should be constrained by clear phylogenetic relationships, in which the stratigraphic ranges and taxonomy are reliable. Unfortunately, a phylog...

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Published in:Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology, 2020-07, Vol.549, p.109144, Article 109144
Main Authors: Karádi, Viktor, Cau, Andrea, Mazza, Michele, Rigo, Manuel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bayesian phylogenetics
Evolutionary trends
Morphocline
Norian
Rhaetian
Upper Triassic
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Summary:For the Upper Triassic, conodonts are the primary tools utilized in biostratigraphic investigations. For an effective biostratigraphic zonation, the species should be constrained by clear phylogenetic relationships, in which the stratigraphic ranges and taxonomy are reliable. Unfortunately, a phylogenetic framework for the Late Triassic pectiniform conodonts is almost missing, except for particular intervals, such as the Carnian/Norian boundary. The purpose of this study is to examine the latest Norian and Rhaetian pectiniform conodonts in detail in an attempt to determine their phylogenetic relationships, by applying novel phylogenetic methodologies that incorporate both morphological and stratigraphic data. This work is based on the conodont assemblages from the Upper Triassic strata of the Lagonegro Basin (southern Apennines, southern Italy) and the Csővár area (north-central Hungary), complemented with data from the literature. The calibrated phylogenetic analysis of the latest Norian and Rhaetian conodonts supports a two-step evolutionary history: a first radiation (~211–210 Ma) of the Parvigondolella species and the first representative of the genus Misikella, followed by a second phase (~206.5–205 Ma) leading to the final radiation of the Misikella species. Furthermore, the systematic revision of uppermost Triassic conodonts is provided along with the description of Misikella kolarae n. sp. •Mockina bidentata: ancestor of clade Parvigondolella and clade Misikella•Two radiation phases in Late Norian-Rhaetian conodont evolution•Affinity of Misikella rhaetica with the Misikella clade is confirmed•Upper Sevatian and Rhaetian conodont zones subdivided into six subzones
ISSN:0031-0182
1872-616X
DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.045