Slower nicotine metabolism among postmenopausal Polish smokers

A non-invasive phenotypic indicator of the rate of nicotine metabolism is nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) defined as a ratio of two major metabolites of nicotine – trans-3′-hydroxycotinine/cotinine. The rate of nicotine metabolism has important clinical implications for the likelihood of successful...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmacological reports 2018-06, Vol.70 (3), p.434-438
Main Authors: Kosmider, Leon, Delijewski, Marcin, Koszowski, Bartosz, Sobczak, Andrzej, Benowitz, Neal L., Goniewicz, Maciej L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Chromatography, Liquid - methods
Cotinine - analogs & derivatives
Cotinine - metabolism
Cross-Sectional Studies
Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance
Female
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods
Male
Menopause
Middle Aged
Nicotine
Nicotine - metabolism
Nicotine metabolite ratio
Original Article
Pharmacotherapy
Pharmacy
Poland
Postmenopause - metabolism
Smokers
Smoking - metabolism
Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods
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Summary:A non-invasive phenotypic indicator of the rate of nicotine metabolism is nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) defined as a ratio of two major metabolites of nicotine – trans-3′-hydroxycotinine/cotinine. The rate of nicotine metabolism has important clinical implications for the likelihood of successful quitting with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). We conducted a study to measure NMR among Polish smokers. In a cross-sectional study of 180 daily cigarette smokers (42% men; average age 34.6±13.0), we collected spot urine samples and measured trans-3′-hydroxycotinine (3-HC) and cotinine levels with LC–MS/MS method. We calculated NMR (molar ratio) and analyzed variations in NMR among groups of smokers. In the whole study group, an average NMR was 4.8 (IQR 3.4–7.3). The group of women below 51 years had significantly greater NMR compared to the rest of the population (6.4; IQR 4.1–8.8 vs. 4.3; IQR 2.8–6.4). No differences were found among group ages of male smokers. This is a first study to describe variations in nicotine metabolism among Polish smokers. Our findings indicate that young women metabolize nicotine faster than the rest of population. This finding is consistent with the known effects of estrogen to induce CYP2A6 activity. Young women may require higher doses of NRT or non-nicotine medications for most effective smoking cessation treatment.
ISSN:1734-1140
2299-5684
DOI:10.1016/j.pharep.2017.11.009