Rapid electrochemical detection of levodopa using polyaniline-modified screen-printed electrodes for the improved management of Parkinson's disease

A portable test to rapidly determine levels of levodopa, the drug used to treat Parkinson's disease, can improve clinical management of the disease. In this study, screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) were modified with polymers to facilitate the electrochemical detection of levodopa. Cyclic voltam...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physics in medicine 2022-12, Vol.14, p.100052, Article 100052
Main Authors: Noguchi, Henrique K., Kaur, Sarbjeet, Krettli, Luiza M., Singla, Pankaj, McClements, Jake, Snyder, Helena, Crapnell, Robert D., Banks, Craig E., Novakovic, Katarina, Kaur, Inderpreet, Gruber, Jonas, Dawson, James A., Peeters, Marloes
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biosensors
Electrochemical testing
Levodopa
Parkinson's disease
Polymer chemistry
Screen-printed electrodes
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Summary:A portable test to rapidly determine levels of levodopa, the drug used to treat Parkinson's disease, can improve clinical management of the disease. In this study, screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) were modified with polymers to facilitate the electrochemical detection of levodopa. Cyclic voltammetry was used to deposit a thin layer of polyaniline on the electrode surface. Scanning electron microscopy revealed high surface coverage, which did not impact the electrode's conductivity. Differential pulse voltammetry measurements with the polyaniline-modified electrodes enabled the measurement of levodopa at physiologically relevant concentrations with discrimination between a common interferent (ascorbic acid) and a structurally similar compound (l-tyrosine). However, the use of the polymer layer did not permit differentiation between levodopa and dopamine; the only difference in these molecules is that levodopa has an amino acid moiety whereas dopamine has a free amine group. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that aniline formed a hydrogen bond between the amino group of the monomer and the meta-hydroxyl group, which is present in both levodopa and dopamine, with similar binding energies (−53.36 vs −50.08 kJ mol−1). Thus, the polymer-functionalised SPEs are a valuable tool to measure compounds important in Parkinson's disease, but further refinement is needed to achieve selective detection.
ISSN:2352-4510
2352-4510
DOI:10.1016/j.phmed.2022.100052