20(R)-Ginsenoside Rf: A new ginsenoside from red ginseng extract

•20(R)-ginsenoside Rf is produced from its epimer in acidic conditions.•The conversion occurs during the production of red ginseng.•Utilization of this finding updates the chemical profile of ginseng products In spite of the general concept that herbal supplements are safe, there is a lack of approp...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Phytochemistry letters 2013-11, Vol.6 (4), p.620-624
Main Authors: Lee, Sang Myung, Kim, Seok Chang, Oh, Joonseok, Kim, Jin Hee, Na, MinKyun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
20(R)-ginsenoside Rf
20(S)-Ginsenoside Rf
adverse effects
Chemical profile
control methods
Epimerization
ginsenosides
herbal medicines
liver
metabolites
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Panax ginseng
quality control
Red ginseng
steaming
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:•20(R)-ginsenoside Rf is produced from its epimer in acidic conditions.•The conversion occurs during the production of red ginseng.•Utilization of this finding updates the chemical profile of ginseng products In spite of the general concept that herbal supplements are safe, there is a lack of appropriate quality control measures and regulations that often culminates in serious undesirable effects such as allergic reactions and renal and liver damage. Thus, there is a growing need to establish a suitable methodology that enables authentication and quality assurance of herbal products. The root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae), commonly called ginseng, is traditionally recognized as a prominent herbal medicine in Far East Asia. There are two types of processed ginseng, white and red ginseng, based on processing methods, and these play a significant role in modifying ginsenosides, which are the major bioactive metabolites in these products. Herein we purify and characterize a new ginsenoside, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rf, utilizing NMR, UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS and validate the metabolite is generated from its epimer, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rf during the steaming process to manufacture red ginseng. We further propose a relevant mechanism for the chemical conversion. This finding updates chemical profiling of ginseng products that can be employed in quality assurance and authentication.
ISSN:1874-3900
1876-7486
DOI:10.1016/j.phytol.2013.08.002