Loading…

Temperature and frequency dependencies of the permittivities of nickeliferous silicate laterite ores and reaction mixtures

The global demand for nickel metal continues to grow, while the resource base for nickel is transitioning from the nickel sulphide ores to the nickeliferous laterite oxide ores. Considerable research is being performed on developing innovative processes for extracting the nickel from the oxide ores....

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Powder technology 2023-10, Vol.428, p.118867, Article 118867
Main Authors: Pickles, C.A., Marzoughi, O.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c306t-4802b32e3d81b0e4d951b72297448b7b19ed5372b5ffcdd06e46e9665ace49c23
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c306t-4802b32e3d81b0e4d951b72297448b7b19ed5372b5ffcdd06e46e9665ace49c23
container_end_page
container_issue
container_start_page 118867
container_title Powder technology
container_volume 428
creator Pickles, C.A.
Marzoughi, O.
description The global demand for nickel metal continues to grow, while the resource base for nickel is transitioning from the nickel sulphide ores to the nickeliferous laterite oxide ores. Considerable research is being performed on developing innovative processes for extracting the nickel from the oxide ores. One potential new energy source for these processes could be microwave radiation. The interaction of microwaves with a given material is mainly determined by the permittivities. In the present research, the permittivities of a nickeliferous silicate laterite ore and both activated charcoal-ore and segregation reaction mixtures were measured as a function of both temperature and frequency using the cavity perturbation technique. In general, the ore permittivities increased slowly at low temperatures and more rapidly at higher temperatures. For the reaction mixtures, the rapid rise in the permittivities occurred at a temperature lower than for the ore and there was a characteristic peak in the permittivities. In order to understand the behaviours of the mixtures, the relevant thermodynamic literature was reviewed and also reaction simulations were performed using HSC Chemistry® 7.1. The initial rapid rise in the permittivities was attributed to the presence of the charcoal. For the activated charcoal-ore mixtures, at high temperatures the amounts of carbon and iron oxide decreased as a result of the reduction reactions and thus the permittivities decreased. Similarly, for the segregation mixture, the carbon was consumed due to the water-gas reaction and once more the iron oxide decreased. The permittivity information can be utilized to better understand the heating behaviours of the mixtures and also can be employed in numerical modelling for process development. [Display omitted] •Knowledge of permittivities necessary for scale-up of microwave processes.•Permittivities of silicate laterite Ores as a function of temperature and frequency.•Cavity perturbation technique used for high temperature permittivity measurements.•HSC Chemistry® 7.1 equilibrium models were developed for the reaction mixtures.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118867
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>elsevier_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1016_j_powtec_2023_118867</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0032591023006514</els_id><sourcerecordid>S0032591023006514</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c306t-4802b32e3d81b0e4d951b72297448b7b19ed5372b5ffcdd06e46e9665ace49c23</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kMtOwzAQRS0EEqXwByz8Awl-JE6yQUIVL6kSmyKxsxJ7Iqbkhe2Wx9fjqF2zmRmN7r0zOoRcc5ZyxtXNNp3GrwAmFUzIlPOyVMUJWfCykIkU5dspWTAmRZJXnJ2TC--3jDElOVuQ3w30E7g67BzQerC0dfC5g8H8UAsTDDaOCJ6OLQ3vQKO0xxBwj-G4HdB8QIctuHHnqccOTR2AdrE4jMPoom4OdlCbgONAe_yer_lLctbWnYerY1-S14f7zeopWb88Pq_u1omRTIUkK5lopABpS94wyGyV86YQoiqyrGyKhldgc1mIJm9bYy1TkCmolMprA1llhFyS7JBr3Oi9g1ZPDvva_WjO9MxPb_WBn5756QO_aLs92CD-tkdw2kcSgwGLDkzQdsT_A_4AN2t_Jw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Temperature and frequency dependencies of the permittivities of nickeliferous silicate laterite ores and reaction mixtures</title><source>ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Pickles, C.A. ; Marzoughi, O.</creator><creatorcontrib>Pickles, C.A. ; Marzoughi, O.</creatorcontrib><description>The global demand for nickel metal continues to grow, while the resource base for nickel is transitioning from the nickel sulphide ores to the nickeliferous laterite oxide ores. Considerable research is being performed on developing innovative processes for extracting the nickel from the oxide ores. One potential new energy source for these processes could be microwave radiation. The interaction of microwaves with a given material is mainly determined by the permittivities. In the present research, the permittivities of a nickeliferous silicate laterite ore and both activated charcoal-ore and segregation reaction mixtures were measured as a function of both temperature and frequency using the cavity perturbation technique. In general, the ore permittivities increased slowly at low temperatures and more rapidly at higher temperatures. For the reaction mixtures, the rapid rise in the permittivities occurred at a temperature lower than for the ore and there was a characteristic peak in the permittivities. In order to understand the behaviours of the mixtures, the relevant thermodynamic literature was reviewed and also reaction simulations were performed using HSC Chemistry® 7.1. The initial rapid rise in the permittivities was attributed to the presence of the charcoal. For the activated charcoal-ore mixtures, at high temperatures the amounts of carbon and iron oxide decreased as a result of the reduction reactions and thus the permittivities decreased. Similarly, for the segregation mixture, the carbon was consumed due to the water-gas reaction and once more the iron oxide decreased. The permittivity information can be utilized to better understand the heating behaviours of the mixtures and also can be employed in numerical modelling for process development. [Display omitted] •Knowledge of permittivities necessary for scale-up of microwave processes.•Permittivities of silicate laterite Ores as a function of temperature and frequency.•Cavity perturbation technique used for high temperature permittivity measurements.•HSC Chemistry® 7.1 equilibrium models were developed for the reaction mixtures.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0032-5910</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-328X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118867</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Frequency ; HSC chemistry ; Microwave ; Nickel ; Nickel laterite ; Permittivity ; Reduction ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics</subject><ispartof>Powder technology, 2023-10, Vol.428, p.118867, Article 118867</ispartof><rights>2023 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c306t-4802b32e3d81b0e4d951b72297448b7b19ed5372b5ffcdd06e46e9665ace49c23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c306t-4802b32e3d81b0e4d951b72297448b7b19ed5372b5ffcdd06e46e9665ace49c23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pickles, C.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marzoughi, O.</creatorcontrib><title>Temperature and frequency dependencies of the permittivities of nickeliferous silicate laterite ores and reaction mixtures</title><title>Powder technology</title><description>The global demand for nickel metal continues to grow, while the resource base for nickel is transitioning from the nickel sulphide ores to the nickeliferous laterite oxide ores. Considerable research is being performed on developing innovative processes for extracting the nickel from the oxide ores. One potential new energy source for these processes could be microwave radiation. The interaction of microwaves with a given material is mainly determined by the permittivities. In the present research, the permittivities of a nickeliferous silicate laterite ore and both activated charcoal-ore and segregation reaction mixtures were measured as a function of both temperature and frequency using the cavity perturbation technique. In general, the ore permittivities increased slowly at low temperatures and more rapidly at higher temperatures. For the reaction mixtures, the rapid rise in the permittivities occurred at a temperature lower than for the ore and there was a characteristic peak in the permittivities. In order to understand the behaviours of the mixtures, the relevant thermodynamic literature was reviewed and also reaction simulations were performed using HSC Chemistry® 7.1. The initial rapid rise in the permittivities was attributed to the presence of the charcoal. For the activated charcoal-ore mixtures, at high temperatures the amounts of carbon and iron oxide decreased as a result of the reduction reactions and thus the permittivities decreased. Similarly, for the segregation mixture, the carbon was consumed due to the water-gas reaction and once more the iron oxide decreased. The permittivity information can be utilized to better understand the heating behaviours of the mixtures and also can be employed in numerical modelling for process development. [Display omitted] •Knowledge of permittivities necessary for scale-up of microwave processes.•Permittivities of silicate laterite Ores as a function of temperature and frequency.•Cavity perturbation technique used for high temperature permittivity measurements.•HSC Chemistry® 7.1 equilibrium models were developed for the reaction mixtures.</description><subject>Frequency</subject><subject>HSC chemistry</subject><subject>Microwave</subject><subject>Nickel</subject><subject>Nickel laterite</subject><subject>Permittivity</subject><subject>Reduction</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Thermodynamics</subject><issn>0032-5910</issn><issn>1873-328X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kMtOwzAQRS0EEqXwByz8Awl-JE6yQUIVL6kSmyKxsxJ7Iqbkhe2Wx9fjqF2zmRmN7r0zOoRcc5ZyxtXNNp3GrwAmFUzIlPOyVMUJWfCykIkU5dspWTAmRZJXnJ2TC--3jDElOVuQ3w30E7g67BzQerC0dfC5g8H8UAsTDDaOCJ6OLQ3vQKO0xxBwj-G4HdB8QIctuHHnqccOTR2AdrE4jMPoom4OdlCbgONAe_yer_lLctbWnYerY1-S14f7zeopWb88Pq_u1omRTIUkK5lopABpS94wyGyV86YQoiqyrGyKhldgc1mIJm9bYy1TkCmolMprA1llhFyS7JBr3Oi9g1ZPDvva_WjO9MxPb_WBn5756QO_aLs92CD-tkdw2kcSgwGLDkzQdsT_A_4AN2t_Jw</recordid><startdate>20231001</startdate><enddate>20231001</enddate><creator>Pickles, C.A.</creator><creator>Marzoughi, O.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20231001</creationdate><title>Temperature and frequency dependencies of the permittivities of nickeliferous silicate laterite ores and reaction mixtures</title><author>Pickles, C.A. ; Marzoughi, O.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c306t-4802b32e3d81b0e4d951b72297448b7b19ed5372b5ffcdd06e46e9665ace49c23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Frequency</topic><topic>HSC chemistry</topic><topic>Microwave</topic><topic>Nickel</topic><topic>Nickel laterite</topic><topic>Permittivity</topic><topic>Reduction</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Thermodynamics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pickles, C.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marzoughi, O.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Powder technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pickles, C.A.</au><au>Marzoughi, O.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Temperature and frequency dependencies of the permittivities of nickeliferous silicate laterite ores and reaction mixtures</atitle><jtitle>Powder technology</jtitle><date>2023-10-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>428</volume><spage>118867</spage><pages>118867-</pages><artnum>118867</artnum><issn>0032-5910</issn><eissn>1873-328X</eissn><abstract>The global demand for nickel metal continues to grow, while the resource base for nickel is transitioning from the nickel sulphide ores to the nickeliferous laterite oxide ores. Considerable research is being performed on developing innovative processes for extracting the nickel from the oxide ores. One potential new energy source for these processes could be microwave radiation. The interaction of microwaves with a given material is mainly determined by the permittivities. In the present research, the permittivities of a nickeliferous silicate laterite ore and both activated charcoal-ore and segregation reaction mixtures were measured as a function of both temperature and frequency using the cavity perturbation technique. In general, the ore permittivities increased slowly at low temperatures and more rapidly at higher temperatures. For the reaction mixtures, the rapid rise in the permittivities occurred at a temperature lower than for the ore and there was a characteristic peak in the permittivities. In order to understand the behaviours of the mixtures, the relevant thermodynamic literature was reviewed and also reaction simulations were performed using HSC Chemistry® 7.1. The initial rapid rise in the permittivities was attributed to the presence of the charcoal. For the activated charcoal-ore mixtures, at high temperatures the amounts of carbon and iron oxide decreased as a result of the reduction reactions and thus the permittivities decreased. Similarly, for the segregation mixture, the carbon was consumed due to the water-gas reaction and once more the iron oxide decreased. The permittivity information can be utilized to better understand the heating behaviours of the mixtures and also can be employed in numerical modelling for process development. [Display omitted] •Knowledge of permittivities necessary for scale-up of microwave processes.•Permittivities of silicate laterite Ores as a function of temperature and frequency.•Cavity perturbation technique used for high temperature permittivity measurements.•HSC Chemistry® 7.1 equilibrium models were developed for the reaction mixtures.</abstract><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118867</doi></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0032-5910
ispartof Powder technology, 2023-10, Vol.428, p.118867, Article 118867
issn 0032-5910
1873-328X
language eng
recordid cdi_crossref_primary_10_1016_j_powtec_2023_118867
source ScienceDirect Journals
subjects Frequency
HSC chemistry
Microwave
Nickel
Nickel laterite
Permittivity
Reduction
Temperature
Thermodynamics
title Temperature and frequency dependencies of the permittivities of nickeliferous silicate laterite ores and reaction mixtures
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-23T14%3A35%3A36IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-elsevier_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Temperature%20and%20frequency%20dependencies%20of%20the%20permittivities%20of%20nickeliferous%20silicate%20laterite%20ores%20and%20reaction%20mixtures&rft.jtitle=Powder%20technology&rft.au=Pickles,%20C.A.&rft.date=2023-10-01&rft.volume=428&rft.spage=118867&rft.pages=118867-&rft.artnum=118867&rft.issn=0032-5910&rft.eissn=1873-328X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118867&rft_dat=%3Celsevier_cross%3ES0032591023006514%3C/elsevier_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c306t-4802b32e3d81b0e4d951b72297448b7b19ed5372b5ffcdd06e46e9665ace49c23%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true