Evidence for Younger Dryas global climate oscillation and human response in the American Southwest

Whether or not abrupt Younger Dryas climate change affected regional paleoenvironments and late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer populations is an important topic in the archaeology of the American Southwest. This paper reviews multiple, age-resolved proxy evidence to gauge the magnitude and direction of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Quaternary international 2011-10, Vol.242 (2), p.502-519
Main Authors: Ballenger, Jesse A.M., Holliday, Vance T., Kowler, Andrew L., Reitze, William T., Prasciunas, Mary M., Shane Miller, D., Windingstad, Jason D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
bison
climate
climate change
deserts
humans
hunters
lakes
land use
population
stable isotopes
vegetation
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Summary:Whether or not abrupt Younger Dryas climate change affected regional paleoenvironments and late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer populations is an important topic in the archaeology of the American Southwest. This paper reviews multiple, age-resolved proxy evidence to gauge the magnitude and direction of Younger Dryas Chronozone (YDC) environmental changes in different settings and systems. There is no record of YDC pluvial lake highstands in Arizona or New Mexico, but there are impressive records of vegetation, faunal, stable isotope, and geomorphological change coincident with the YDC. These correlate with important adaptive changes in human hunting and land use, as revealed in the analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of late Pleistocene hunting technologies. Clovis and Folsom projectile point distributions do not support extant models of paleoenvironmental conditions in these interpretations. Significant cultural changes that coincide with the YDC include the Clovis-to-Folsom transition, the demise of mammoth hunting and the development of a highly successful emphasis on bison, increased regionalization, and the abandonment of the northwestern Chihuahuan and the Sonoran deserts by mobile, big-game hunters.
ISSN:1040-6182
1873-4553
DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.06.040