Investigating climate at the Upper Palaeolithic site of Kraków Spadzista Street (B), Poland, using oxygen isotopes

Between 50,000 and 20,000 years ago, Europe experienced a series of rapid climate change events known as the Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles, which may have made areas of northern Europe more attractive for occupation by early modern humans at certain times than at others. This paper investigates when hum...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Quaternary international 2013-04, Vol.294, p.108-119
Main Authors: Pryor, Alexander J.E., O’Connell, Tamsin C., Wojtal, Piotr, Krzemińska, Alina, Stevens, Rhiannon E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
carbon
carbonates
climate
climate change
cold
humans
isotopes
oxygen
temperature
tooth enamel
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Summary:Between 50,000 and 20,000 years ago, Europe experienced a series of rapid climate change events known as the Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles, which may have made areas of northern Europe more attractive for occupation by early modern humans at certain times than at others. This paper investigates when humans were occupying northern Europe in relation to these climatic changes at the archaeological site of Kraków Spadzista Street (B), by applying oxygen isotope analysis of mammoth tooth enamel carbonates (δ18O and δ13C) found at the site. The new isotopic data suggest that mean annual temperatures at Kraków Spadzista were 4–9 C° colder than present and, based on comparisons with previously published isotopic data for mammoth in Europe, the Kraków assemblage most likely formed during a cold Dansgaard–Oeschger event. This suggests modern humans were able to occupy and survive in this area of northern Europe during the harsh cold phases that affected Europe at this time.
ISSN:1040-6182
1873-4553
DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.09.027