Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis (Rhinocerontidae, Mammalia) teeth from the early Middle Pleistocene of Isernia La Pineta (Molise, Italy) and comparison with coeval British material

• Published in: Quaternary international 2013-07, Vol.302, p.169-183
• Main Authors: Ballatore, Manuel, Breda, Marzia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: bison; Mammalia; skull; teeth
• ISSN: 1040-6182; 1873-4553
• DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2013.02.002

The present work examines the abundant dental remains from the renowned anthropic site of Isernia La Pineta (Molise, Italy), early Middle Pleistocene (Middle Galerian). The rhinoceros, Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis, is the most represented species after Bison, and is represented mainly by skull and dental remains and by strongly fractured long bones (suggesting exploitation of the carcasses by the hominine). The high sample size of the dental remains allowed a detailed analysis of the dental morphology. The frequency analysis of the morphological characters shows a high degree of regional variation within the species with the Isernia population significantly widening the morphological variability of S. hundsheimensis (thus limiting the diagnostic power of several characters). In particular, comparing S. hundsheimensis from Isernia with coeval British populations, some specimens could be safely assigned to S. hundsheimensis that do look strongly anomalous within the British sample but find a match in the wider morphological range of the Isernia specimens. From a biometrical point of view, the Isernia population attains slightly smaller sizes than the coeval British specimens, suggesting a latitudinal size increase gradient.