Late-Holocene vegetation and climate change in Jeju Island, Korea and its implications for ENSO influences

• Published in: Quaternary science reviews 2016-12, Vol.153, p.40-50
• Main Authors: Park, Jungjae, Shin, Young Ho, Byrne, Roger
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Climate change; East Asian Monsoon; El Niño Southern-Oscillation; Jeju Island; Korea; Kuroshio Current; Late Holocene; Pollen; Western Tropical Pacific
• ISSN: 0277-3791; 1873-457X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.10.011

Several recent studies suggest the hypothesis that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important factor controlling the Holocene East Asian Monsoon (EAM). However, the mechanism underlying this influence remains unclear due to the lack of high-resolution paleoclimate records from the coast of East Asia. Here, we provide a new record of late Holocene climate change in coastal East Asia based on multi-proxy evidence (pollen, organic content, magnetic susceptibility, grain size) obtained from a sediment core from Jeju Island, South Korea. As Jeju Island is strongly influenced by the Kuroshio flow, our sediment proxy records contain ENSO signals from the tropical Pacific. The study area was affected by dry/cool conditions in the western tropical Pacific (WTP) between 4350 and 1920 cal yr BP when El Niños were frequent, and by rapid warming/wetting and forestation since 1920 cal yr BP when La Niñas were more common. Jeju Island was relatively dry/cool between 2100 and 1600, 1300–1200, 1100–1000, 800–650, and 300–50 cal yr BP, as opposed to the Galápagos Islands, which were relatively wet/warm, reflecting the ENSO-related negative correlation between eastern and western margins of Pacific. Wet conditions may have prevailed during the early Little Ice Age (LIA) (620–280 cal yr BP) despite consistent cooling. This period of high precipitation may have been associated with the increased landfall of typhoons and with warmer Kuroshio currents under La Niña-like conditions. According to our results, EAM on the East Asian coastal margin was predominantly driven by ENSO activity, rather than by the precession effect. Paleoclimatic data from Jeju Island, with its insular position and closeness to warm Kuroshio currents, provide clear evidence of these ENSO influences. •We reconstructed late Holocene climate and vegetation change in Jeju Island, Korea.•Our data reflect late-Holocene climate change driven by Western Pacific SSTs and ENSO.•More frequent El Niño-like conditions led to a dry climate between ∼4350 and 1920 BP.•Wet conditions after ∼1920 BP were related to more frequent La Niña-like conditions.•In early LIA, wetness prevailed despite cooling due to increased typhoon activities.