Vegetation, disturbance, and climate history since the onset of ice-free conditions in the Lago Rosselot sector of Chiloé continental (44°S), northwestern Patagonia

• Published in: Quaternary science reviews 2021-05, Vol.260, p.106924, Article 106924
• Main Authors: Moreno, Patricio I., Videla, Javiera, Kaffman, María José, Henríquez, Carla A., Sagredo, Esteban A., Jara-Arancio, Paola, Alloway, Brent V.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chiloé continental; Disturbance paleoecology; Glacier advance during the Antarctic Cold Reversal; Northwestern Patagonia; Postglacial explosive volcanism; Recession and stabilization during Younger Dryas; Vegetation and fire history
• ISSN: 0277-3791; 1873-457X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106924

We present results from Lago Negro, a small closed-basin lake adjacent to Lago Rosselot, to examine the vegetation and environmental history of an insufficiently studied sector of Chiloé Continental (41°30′-44°S) in northwestern Patagonia. Lake sediment cores from Lago Negro reveal 27 tephra deposited since ∼12.7 ka, including two prominent rhyodacite tephra marker beds erupted from Volcán Melimoyu, and a stratified basal clastic unit we attribute to meltwater discharge from an ice tongue that originated from Monte Queulat and covered Lago Rosselot during its expanded position, presumably Antarctic Cold Reversal in age. The pollen record shows closed-canopy North Patagonian rainforests since ∼12.7 ka, with variations in species composition and structure that suggest dynamic responses of the vegetation to past environmental changes. Vegetation responses to climate in the Lago Negro record were modulated, sometimes interrupted, by high magnitude and frequent disturbance regimes, most notably during maxima in explosive volcanic activity (∼9.5–7.2 ka and ∼3.6–1.6 ka) and heightened fire activity. Since Lago Negro is the southernmost palynological site so far investigated in the region and is located within a volcanically active sector, it provides a valuable perspective for assessing past vegetation responses along environmental gradients since the last glaciation. When compared with other sites throughout northwestern Patagonia, our record reveals a distinct north-to-south gradient in temperature and precipitation, with peak temperature and rainfall seasonality in the north, and a west-to-east gradient in disturbance regimes, with maximum frequency and magnitude of explosive volcanic events in the east. These gradients have modulated the response of rainforest vegetation to climate forcing at regional scale since ∼12.7 ka. We identify negligible differences in timing for the majority of key vegetation signals during the initial phase of the Lago Negro record, and propose that plant colonization and expansion along the ∼360 km long corridor through the Pacific slope of the northwestern Patagonian Andes was a rapid process during the Last Glacial Termination. •Lago Negro is a small closed-basin lake in Chiloé Continental (CC), northwestern Patagonia.•Organic sedimentation began when Glaciar Rosselot abandoned its ACR maximum.•Rainforests (RF) in CC have responded to climate and intense disturbance since ∼12.7 ka.•RF expansion was synchronous with glacier retrea