Autism and immune factors: A comprehensive review

Cases of autistic disorder (autism) have frequently been reported in association with congenital rubella and other infections. These observations stimulated further investigation into markers of immune function in autism. Postinfectious and autoimmune mechanisms of pathophysiology have been proposed...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Research in autism spectrum disorders 2009-10, Vol.3 (4), p.840-860
Main Authors: Stigler, Kimberly A., Sweeten, Thayne L., Posey, David J., McDougle, Christopher J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autism
Autoimmune
Cytokines
Gastrointestinal
Immune
Immunogenetics
Infection
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Summary:Cases of autistic disorder (autism) have frequently been reported in association with congenital rubella and other infections. These observations stimulated further investigation into markers of immune function in autism. Postinfectious and autoimmune mechanisms of pathophysiology have been proposed. This review comprehensively addresses immune findings to date, including the role of viruses, neuroimmune factors, cellular and humoral immunity, immunogenetics, and immunotherapy in relation to autism. Although numerous immune abnormalities have been identified in autism, inconsistent results have often been reported. To date, research in this area has largely involved small, uncontrolled studies. In order to bring clarity to this field, high-quality, systematic research is needed to explore the role of neuroimmunologic factors in autism.
ISSN:1750-9467
1878-0237
DOI:10.1016/j.rasd.2009.01.007