Study of the internal flow field in a pump-as-turbine (PaT): Numerical investigation, overall performance prediction model and velocity vector analysis

• Published in: Renewable energy 2020-08, Vol.156, p.158-172
• Main Authors: Štefan, David, Rossi, Mosè, Hudec, Martin, Rudolf, Pavel, Nigro, Alessandra, Renzi, Massimiliano
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Experimental data; Performance prediction model; Pump–as–turbine; Unsteady CFD simulations; Velocity triangles
• ISSN: 0960-1481; 1879-0682
• DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.03.185

This work presents a detailed analysis of the three-dimensional flows in a Pump-as-Turbine (PaT). The flow field is studied through URANS simulations and a velocity vector analysis. Moreover, a prediction model is used to forecast the performance of the PaT. The results of these methodologies were validated using experimental results. Flow rate and head at Best Efficiency Point (BEP) in turbine mode were 27% and 41% higher than the ones in pump mode, respectively; the mechanical efficiency was 4% lower. To give a fluid flow interpretation of this behaviour, velocity triangles in turbine mode were analytically calculated, as well as numerically evaluated. The analytically identified PaT flow rate at BEP is in agreement with CFD and measurements. Only small differences appear, which might be explained by three reasons: i) the real flow angle is influenced by the finite number of blades and their thickness, ii) the PaT leading edge has a sharp ending since the impeller is designed to operate only in pump mode and iii) tapering of the meridional cross-section from volute to impeller. While close to the BEP the mechanical efficiency is flat, a sensible drop caused by flow detachments and swirling flows was detected at part-load. •A detailed analysis of the internal flow field in a PaT has been carried out.•Velocity vector analysis and CFD simulations are performed to investigate the flow.•A PaT’s performance prediction model based on pump data is presented.•Both CFD analysis and performance prediction model are validated with experiments.•Possible fluid-dynamic explanation of the efficiency drop at part-load are reported.