Revisiting the nexus of ecological footprint, unemployment, and renewable and non-renewable energy for South Asian economies: Evidence from novel research methods

• Published in: Renewable energy 2022-07, Vol.194, p.1060-1070
• Main Authors: Dogan, Eyup, Majeed, Muhammad Tariq, Luni, Tania
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ecological footprint; Novel methods; Renewable energy; Sustainability
• ISSN: 0960-1481; 1879-0682
• DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.05.165

Given the need to employ novel research methods in the energy-environment nexus, the objective of the present research is to investigate the impacts of real output, unemployment, and renewable and non-renewable energy on ecological footprint under a STIRPAT theoretical framework by applying the second-generation unit root, cointegration, Granger-causality, and long-run estimation methods on the annual data from 1990 to 2017 for South Asian economies. Empirical results show that increases in unemployment and renewable energy decrease ecological footprint while increases in real income and non-renewable energy hurt the environment. This study confirms the adverse effect of renewable energy on environmental degradation as well as the trade-off between unemployment and pollution through multiple robustness and sensitivity checks. In addition, the causality test supports unidirectional causality from income, renewable energy, and non-renewable energy to ecological footprint. Regarding policy perspectives, the governments of the South Asian region should support the deployment of renewable energy through various channels and regulations. The development of technologies that promote sustainable production and consumption play critical roles for reducing the trade-off unemployment and ecological footprint. Further policy suggestions are discussed in the study. •The nexus of renewable energy and environmental degradation is investigated for Asian Economies.•Novel estimators that account for cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity among the economies are applied.•Renewable energy contributes to environmental sustainability through a decline in ecological footprints.