Negligible carbon costs of UHVDC infrastructure delivering renewable electricity

• Published in: Resources, conservation and recycling conservation and recycling, 2023-05, Vol.192, p.106940, Article 106940
• Main Authors: Zhang, Yijia, Liu, Ti, Yao, Lin, Song, Qiujin, Gao, Chaochao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Carbon emissions; Decarbonization; Power transmission infrastructure; Renewable electricity delivery; UHVDC
• ISSN: 0921-3449; 1879-0658
• DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.106940

•Field survey of fifteen 500kV power line and a 8000MW convertor station is conducted.•Raw material and equipment production contribute over 90% emissions, recycle saves 25%.•Construction carbon emissions of nine UHVDC projects in China are estimated.•A negligible carbon cost is found if the projects deliver green electricity full load. Ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission make it possible for efficient large-scale long-distance renewable energy deliver, while the infrastructure construction consumes significant amounts of material and energy. The carbon tradeoffs are often overlooked, however, hindering a holistic evaluation of its climate benefits. Here, by collecting field construction data from fifteen 500 kV transmission projects and applying the field data in a Life Cycle Assessment framework, we estimate the infrastructure-induced emissions of nine recently-constructed UHVDC projects in China to be 16.7 Mt CO2, which is negligible compare to an annual reduction of 305.2 Mt CO2 these projects contribute by delivering renewable electricity at full load, multiplied by a 40-yr service lifetime. The tradeoff results may evolve with advancing energy storage technology at exporting region or CCUS application at importing region. Low-carbon strategies for UHVDC construction are therefore favored, especially under China's commitment to expanding UHVDC construction along the Belt and Road Initiative. [Display omitted]