Ranking architecturally critical agglomerations of code smells

• Published in: Science of computer programming 2019-08, Vol.182, p.64-85
• Main Authors: Vidal, Santiago, Oizumi, Willian, Garcia, Alessandro, Díaz Pace, Andrés, Marcos, Claudia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agglomerations; Code smells; Software architecture
• ISSN: 0167-6423; 1872-7964
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scico.2019.07.003

Code smells are symptoms in the source code that could help to identify architectural problems. However, developers may feel discouraged to analyze multiple smells if they are not able to focus their attention on a small set of source code locations. Unfortunately, current techniques fall short in assisting developers to prioritize smelly locations that are likely to indicate architectural problems. Furthermore, developers often have trouble analyzing interconnected smells that contribute together to realize an architectural problem. To deal with these issues, this work presents and evaluates a suite of five criteria for ranking groups of code smells as indicators of architectural problems in evolving systems. These criteria were implemented in a tool called JSpIRIT. In a first experiment, we have assessed the criteria in the context of 23 versions of 4 systems and analyzed their effectiveness for revealing architectural problem locations. In addition, we conducted a second experiment for analyzing similarities between the prioritization provided by developers and the prioritization provided by our best performing criterion. The results provide evidence that one of the proposed criteria helped to correctly prioritize more than 80 code locations of architectural problems, alleviating tedious manual inspection of the source code vis-a-vis with the architecture. •We present 5 criteria for ranking groups of code smells as indicators of architectural problems.•We assessed the criteria in the context of 23 versions of 4 systems.•One criterion helped to prioritize more than 80 code locations of architectural problems.•One criterion helped developers to discard at least 500 code smells no related to architectural problems.