Arsenic contamination of rural community wells in Nicaragua: A review of two decades of experience

• Published in: The Science of the total environment 2019-03, Vol.657, p.1441-1449
• Main Authors: Gonzalez Rodriguez, B., Rietveld, L.C., Longley, A.J., van Halem, D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arsenic; Drinking water; Nicaragua; Rural communities; Volcanic sources
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.168

Several surveys have been conducted in Nicaragua between 1996 and 2015 confirming the presence of high levels of arsenic (>10 μg/L). In this paper, these peer-reviewed (n = 2) and non-peer reviewed sources (n = 14) have been combined to provide an extensive overview of the arsenic contamination of drinking water sources in Nicaragua. So far, arsenic contamination has been detected in over 80 rural communities located in 34 municipalities of the country and arsenic poisoning has been identified in at least six of those communities. The source of arsenic contamination in Nicaragua is probably volcanic in origin, both from volcanic rocks and geothermal fluids which are distributed across the country. Arsenic may have directly entered into the groundwater by geothermally-influenced water bodies, or indirectly by reductive dissolution or alkali desorption, depending on the local geochemical conditions. [Display omitted] •The As contamination in drinking water sources is probably of volcanic origin.•As-rich groundwater sources exceeding 10 μg/L has been detected in 34 municipalities.•The concern about the presence of As in groundwater was first recognized in 1996.