An explanation of soil amendments to reduce cadmium phytoavailability and transfer to food chain

Cadmium contamination in soil, water and food has become a global problem since last century's industrial and agricultural revolution. It is a highly toxic metal with serious consequences on human and animal health. Different natural and anthropogenic sources are responsible for Cd release in t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Science of the total environment 2019-04, Vol.660, p.80-96
Main Authors: Hamid, Yasir, Tang, Lin, Sohail, Muhammad Irfan, Cao, Xuerui, Hussain, Bilal, Aziz, Muhammad Zahir, Usman, Muhammad, He, Zhen-li, Yang, Xiaoe
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adsorption
Cadmium
Complexation
Immobilizing agents
Precipitation
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Summary:Cadmium contamination in soil, water and food has become a global problem since last century's industrial and agricultural revolution. It is a highly toxic metal with serious consequences on human and animal health. Different natural and anthropogenic sources are responsible for Cd release in the soil which ultimately leads to the food chain. Cd persists in soil for long durations due to its minimal microbial or chemical loss. There are various physical, chemical or biological techniques which are helpful to minimize Cd risk in food chain. Among them, in-situ immobilization with organic, inorganic or clay amendments is a cost-effective and an environment friendly strategy to remediate Cd polluted sites. Lime, biochar, organic wastes, phosphorus fertilizers, sepiolite, zeolite, hydroxyapatite and bentonite are commonly used amendments for amelioration of Cd contaminated soils. These amendments reduce Cd uptake and enhance immobilization by adsorption, complexation, and precipitation processes. This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive note on Cd toxicity in humans and environment, its immobilization by different agents through variety of processes, and comparison of technologies for Cd removal from contaminated sites. [Display omitted] •This manuscript explores Cd phytoavailability and its immobilizing agents.•Inorganic, organic and mineral amendments can immobilize Cd in polluted sites.•A number of publications have confirmed Cd toxicity and stabilization.•Variation in moisture regime influences Cd phytoavailability and immobilization.
ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.419