Adverse effects of perfluoroalkyl acids on fish and other aquatic organisms: A review

• Published in: The Science of the total environment 2020-03, Vol.707, p.135334, Article 135334
• Main Authors: Lee, Jin Wuk, Choi, Kyungho, Park, Kyunghwa, Seong, Changho, Yu, Seung Do, Kim, Pilje
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Aquatic toxicity; Ecosystem; Fishes; Fluorocarbons; Lipid metabolism; Oxidative stress; PFAA; Reproductive toxicity; Seafood; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Xenobiotic response
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135334

[Display omitted] •PFAAs disrupt diverse metabolism pathways by nuclear receptors activation.•Cross-talks by PFAAs between metabolic pathways is a challenge task.•Adverse effects by PFAA are influenced by developmental stage and sex type.•Emerging PFAAs are rising concerns for the integrity of an aquatic ecosystem.•PFAAs can function as an agonist or antagonist to environmental pollutants. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been widely used in many industrial and consumer products. They have been detected ubiquitously in ambient water along with other environmental matrices, and their adverse effects on aquatic organisms have been a subject of active investigation. Here, we intended to summarize and synthesize the existing body of knowledge on PFAA toxicity through an extensive literature review, and shed light on areas where further research is warranted. PFAA toxicity appears to be influenced by the sex and developmental stages of aquatic organisms, but not significantly by exposure route. PFAA-induced aquatic toxicity could be classified as metabolism disturbance, reproduction disruption, oxidative stress, developmental toxicity, thyroid disruption, etc. At the molecular level, these responses can be initiated by key events, such as nuclear receptor activation, reactive oxygen species induction, or interaction with a membrane, followed by a cascade of downstream responses. PFAA-induced toxicity involves diverse metabolic processes, and therefore elucidating crosstalk or interactions among diverse metabolic pathways is a challenging task. In the presence of other chemicals, PFAAs can function as agonists or antagonists, resulting in different directions of combined toxicity. Therefore, mixture toxicity with other groups of chemicals is another research opportunity. Experimental evidence supports the trans-generational toxicity of PFAAs, suggesting that their long-term consequences for aquatic ecosystems should become of concern. A recent global ban of several PFAAs resulted in an increasing dependence on PFAA alternatives. The lack of sufficient toxicological information on this emerging group of chemicals warrant caution and rigorous toxicological assessments.