Arsenic and fluoride removal by electrocoagulation process: A general review

The environmental sector has expressed a growing interest in using electrocoagulation (EC) to treat groundwater/wastewater for drinking/recycling purposes. In the EC process, the electro-dissolution of sacrificial metallic anodes through direct application of current/cell potential dissolves the met...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Science of the total environment 2021-01, Vol.753, p.142108, Article 142108
Main Authors: Sandoval, Miguel A., Fuentes, Rosalba, Thiam, Abdoulaye, Salazar, Ricardo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arsenic removal
Electrocoagulation
Fluoride removal
Groundwater treatment
Wastewater treatment
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Summary:The environmental sector has expressed a growing interest in using electrocoagulation (EC) to treat groundwater/wastewater for drinking/recycling purposes. In the EC process, the electro-dissolution of sacrificial metallic anodes through direct application of current/cell potential dissolves the metals, which precipitate as oxides and hydroxides depending on the electrolyte pH. These particles have large surface areas and can remove pollutants by coagulation. The EC process has been considered an alternative technology due to its versatility, efficiency, low cost, and environmental compatibility. Unfortunately, the lack of knowledge about scaling-up this process has limited its implementation at the industrial scale. The aim of this study is to provide a review of the EC process used for removing arsenic and fluoride from groundwater and wastewater. Approximately 80 published studies were reviewed for this paper. The fundamentals of the EC process and importance of its operating conditions, i.e., electrode material, current density, supporting electrolyte, and pH, are reported in this paper. Additionally, overview of floc characterization and energy consumption are also presented. Finally, this paper also discusses the future perspectives. [Display omitted] •Arsenic and fluoride removal from groundwater/wastewater by electrocoagulation.•Fundamentals of the EC process and As/F removal mechanisms are discussed.•Importance of operating parameters and their influence on As/F removal efficiency.•Characterization of the flocs and possible uses of the sludge produced.•Outlooks for future research and developments are suggested.
ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142108