A Novel quality-by-design optimized spectrofluorimetric approach for estimation of the oral synthetic adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon in different biological matrices: Compliance with greenness metrics

• Published in: Sustainable chemistry and pharmacy 2024-02, Vol.37, p.101424, Article 101424
• Main Authors: Magdy, Galal, Elmansi, Heba, Samaha, Mahmoud M., Said, Eman, El-Enany, Nahed
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AdipoRon; Greenness; Quantum dots; Spectrofluorimetry
• ISSN: 2352-5541; 2352-5541
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2023.101424

The current study introduces the first analytical approach for the quantitative analysis of adipoRon, a synthetic adiponectin receptor agonist, using a facile, rapid, sensitive, and green spectrofluorimetric method. Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were synthesized by adopting a fast microwave-assisted procedure using accessible and natural substrates (orange juice and urea). The suggested synthetic method produced CQDs with narrow particle size distribution (2–10 nm), high fluorescence stability, and good quantum yield (29.3%). The produced fluorescent QDs were used as fluorescent sensors and were quantitatively quenched by increasing adipoRon concentrations. A two-level full factorial design (22 FFD) was used to identify the most critical experimental factors affecting the relative fluorescence intensity of N-CQDs. The fluorescence quenching of N-CQDs by the drug was measured at 417 nm after excitation at 325 nm. Under the optimized conditions, the quenching of N-CQDs' fluorescent intensity displayed acceptable linearity with the adipoRon concentration range of 5.0–20.0 μg/mL with limits of quantitation and detection of 0.843 μg/mL and 0.278 μg/mL, respectively. Owing to the high sensitivity, the suggested method was efficiently applied for adipoRon estimation in different biological matrices, including spiked human plasma, real rat plasma, and liver homogenate samples with high % recoveries (87.41–103.17%) and low %RSD values (