Grid code requirements – A case study on the assessment for integration of offshore wind power plants in Turkey

• Published in: Sustainable energy technologies and assessments 2022-08, Vol.52, p.102137, Article 102137
• Main Authors: Çelik, Özgür, Yalman, Yunus, Tan, Adnan, Bayındır, Kamil Çağatay, Çetinkaya, Ümit, Akdeniz, Mevlüt, Chaudhary, Sanjay K., Høyer, Majbrit, Guerrero, Josep M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Grid Code; Grid Integration; Offshore Wind; Renewable Energy; Wind Power Plants
• ISSN: 2213-1388
• DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102137

•This paper presents the most detailed study for the Turkish grid code when compared to existing review studies,•A comprehensive evaluation of up to date grid codes of the European countries with significant offshore WPPs and Turkey is performed,•Technical requirements that need to be improved for further integration of offshore WPPs are clarified,•Challenges and recommendations are expressed for the Turkish grid code,•Future trends and perspectives are highlighted for the Turkish grid code in order to enable the integration of large-scale offshore WPPs. The increasing role of offshore wind power plants in the electricity generation mix in Turkey raises some critical grid operation issues. In this context, the grid code regulation concerning penetration of large-scale offshore wind power plants into Turkey’s power system has become a prominent factor in the development of a reliable grid operation. In this paper, a comprehensive benchmark for grid codes of the European countries that have large-scale offshore wind power plants and Turkey is performed by considering voltage regulation, frequency regulation, fault ride-through, and power quality features. The compatibility of the grid codes in terms of the minimum technical requirements is discussed to show the pros and cons. An elaborated assessment of the Turkish grid code reveals the technical properties that need to be improved. The rigorous state-of-the-art review indicates that active power control & frequency regulation, reactive power control & voltage regulation, and voltage ride-through capabilities should be clarified in detail for the Turkish grid code. With this background, various recommendations, key challenges, and future trends related to the improvement of technical requirements for the Turkish grid code for the integration of offshore wind power plants are highlighted to help researchers, plant owners, and system operators.