Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) force myography sensor for muscle force output identification

• Published in: Sensors and actuators. A. Physical. 2024-12, Vol.380, p.115959, Article 115959
• Main Authors: Kohler, Michael C., Voiculescu, Ioana, Li, Fang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Force myography; Muscle force; Surface acoustic wave
• ISSN: 0924-4247
• DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115959

Measuring muscle force output is an essential aspect of evaluating physical performance and health. It indicates the strength and functionality of muscles, which is crucial in daily activities, athletic performance, and rehabilitation processes. The measurements collected from muscle force output can be instrumental in controlling prostheses and exoskeleton devices. In this paper, an innovative approach to capture muscle force output is introduced, focusing on the utilization of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors. SAW sensors, while not frequently emphasized in this area, have gained importance for their versatility and ability to facilitate self-powered, wireless devices. This research focuses on using a 128°YX-cut LiNbO3-based SAW sensor as a force myography sensor to measure muscle contractions in real-time. The findings demonstrate that SAW sensors possess a unique sensitivity and accuracy in tracking muscle dynamics, potentially surpassing traditional muscle activity detection methods such as strain gauge measurements and conventional electromyography (EMG). [Display omitted] •A 128° YX-cut LiNbO3 SAW sensor supports real-time muscle contraction monitoring.•SAW sensor accuracy compares favorably with strain gauges and EMG for force output.•This SAW sensor offers a viable alternative for non-invasive muscle force assessment.•Batteryless SAW technology is promising for wearable muscle force applications.•Future SAW sensors could enable wireless monitoring for enhanced force measurement.