Extreme gradient boosting-enhanced molecularly imprinted fluorescence nanosensor for rapid identification and visual detection of deltamethrin in seawater and aquatic products

• Published in: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Chemical, 2024-04, Vol.405, p.135355, Article 135355
• Main Authors: You, Jinjie, Hao, Guijie, Gan, Xintian, Chen, Rui, Chen, Yuge, Zhang, Zeming, Sun, Aili, Liu, Hua, Shi, Xizhi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Deltamethrin; MIP-QDs; Ratiometric fluorescence sensor; Visual detection; XGBoost
• ISSN: 0925-4005; 1873-3077
• DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2024.135355

Deltamethrin (DEL), a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, may have long-term adverse effects on the aquatic environment. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) is a classic ensemble boosting algorithm framework known for its high training efficiency, strong prediction performance, and versatile applications. In this study, we successfully developed a highly sensitive molecularly imprinted fluorescence nanosensor (MF-sensor) for DEL determination, enhanced by the XGBoost algorithm. The MF-sensor was fabricated by grafting blue and red CdSe/ZnS quantum dots onto a molecularly imprinted silica layer. The MF-sensor consisted of blue-molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-quantum dots (QDs) and r-MIP-QDs, which selectively detected DEL, and unmodified green CdSe QDs, which were not selective for DEL. Under optimized conditions, we observed an excellent linear relationship between the I526/(I450 +I630) ratio and DEL concentration ranging from 0.01 mg/L to 40.0 mg/L (R2 = 0.9944). The limit of detection was determined to be 1.34 µg/L. The recoveries in actual samples ranged from 98.5% to 109.0%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 7.5%. Additionally, we utilized the XGBoost algorithm to establish a DEL prediction model, achieving an accuracy of 95.7%. The recoveries ranged from 96.0% to 102.4%, with a RSD below 5.5%. Overall, the proposed MF-sensor, enhanced by the XGBoost algorithm, was successfully utilized for the detection of DEL in environmental and aquatic products. [Display omitted] •A tricolor MF-sensor with self-correction capability was fabricated.•MF-sensor can realize the visual detection of deltamethrin in complex samples.•XGBoost algorithm improves the detection accuracy of MF-sensor.•Rapid deltamethrin detection can be achieved by using smart phones.