Diagnosis and Management of Enophthalmos

Abstract Enophthalmos is a relatively frequent and misdiagnosed clinical sign in orbital diseases. The knowledge of the different etiologies of enophthalmos and its adequate management are important, because in some cases, it could be the first sign revealing a life-threatening disease. This article...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Survey of ophthalmology 2007-09, Vol.52 (5), p.457-473
Main Authors: Hamedani, Mehrad, MD, Pournaras, Jean-Antoine C., MD, Goldblum, David, MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
breast cancer metastasis
enophthalmos
Enophthalmos - diagnosis
Enophthalmos - etiology
Enophthalmos - physiopathology
Enophthalmos - therapy
fat atrophy
Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Mammary gland diseases
Medical sciences
Miscellaneous
Ophthalmology
Orbit diseases
orbital fracture
pseudoenophthalmos
scleroderma
silent sinus syndrome
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
trauma
Tumors
varix
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Summary:Abstract Enophthalmos is a relatively frequent and misdiagnosed clinical sign in orbital diseases. The knowledge of the different etiologies of enophthalmos and its adequate management are important, because in some cases, it could be the first sign revealing a life-threatening disease. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of enophthalmos. The main etiologies, such as trauma, chronic maxillary atelectasis (silent sinus syndrome), breast cancer metastasis, and orbital varix, will be discussed. Its objective is to enable the reader to recognize, assess, and treat the spectrum of disorders causing enophthalmos.
ISSN:0039-6257
1879-3304
DOI:10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.06.009