Drug repurposing of ilepcimide that ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via restricting inflammatory response and oxidative stress

• Published in: Toxicology and applied pharmacology 2023-01, Vol.458, p.116328, Article 116328
• Main Authors: Xu, Zhaomin, Lu, Sisi, Liu, Xi, Tang, Lu, Liu, Zehui, Cui, Jiayan, Wang, Wanyan, Lu, Weiqiang, Huang, Jin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; DHODH; Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Repositioning; Drug Repurposing; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental - drug therapy; Ilepcimide; Inflammation - drug therapy; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular Docking Simulation; Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy; NRF2; Oxidative Stress - drug effects
• ISSN: 0041-008X; 1096-0333
• DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116328

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that remains incurable. Herein, we demonstrated that ilepcimide (Antiepilepsirine), an antiepileptic drug used for decades, protects mice from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. Our studies found that ilepcimide treatment effectively ameliorates demyelination, blood-brain barrier leakage and infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in EAE mice. On the one hand, ilepcimide can inhibit dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an important therapeutic target for MS. Computer molecular docking, thermal shift and fluorescence quenching assay demonstrated the directly interaction between ilepcimide and DHODH. Accordingly, ilepcimide observably repressed T cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay and concanavalin A (Con-A) model in a DHODH-dependent manner. On the other hand, ilepcimide exhibited neuroprotective effect possibly through activating NRF2 antioxidant pathway in mouse neural crest-derived Neuro2a cells. Collectively, our findings have revealed the therapeutic potential of ilepcimide in EAE mouse model via restricting inflammatory response and oxidative stress, offering a potential opportunity for repurposing existing drug ilepcimide for MS therapy. •Ilepcimide treatment is effective and safe in EAE model.•Ilepcimide treatment ameliorates demyelination and blood-brain barrier leakage.•Ilepcimide inhibits T cell proliferation by directly inhibiting DHODH.•Ilepcimide has a neuroprotective efficacy through NRF2 antioxidant pathway.