Development of direct-current, atmospheric-pressure, glow discharges generated in contact with flowing electrolyte solutions for elemental analysis by optical emission spectrometry

► APGD with the liquid cathode is an alternative excitation source. ► Experimental conditions affect the analytical performance of the discharge. ► Figures of merit are obtained with different discharge systems and designs. ► Spectrochemical analysis is applied to find the content of trace elements....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:TrAC, Trends in analytical chemistry (Regular ed.) Trends in analytical chemistry (Regular ed.), 2012-12, Vol.41, p.105-121
Main Authors: Jamroz, Piotr, Greda, Krzysztof, Pohl, Pawel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
aerosols
Analytical chemistry
Analytical figure of merit
Analytical performance
Applied sciences
atmospheric pressure
atomization
Chemistry
Direct-current
electrodes
Electrolyte solution
electrolytes
Elemental analysis
environmental assessment
Exact sciences and technology
Global environmental pollution
glow discharge (dc-APGD)
Liquid cathode
Mass spectrometry (MS)
Optical emission spectrometry (OES)
Pollution
Spectrochemical analysis
Spectrometric and optical methods
spectroscopy
Trace analysis
trace elements
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Summary:► APGD with the liquid cathode is an alternative excitation source. ► Experimental conditions affect the analytical performance of the discharge. ► Figures of merit are obtained with different discharge systems and designs. ► Spectrochemical analysis is applied to find the content of trace elements. Direct-current, atmospheric-pressure, glow discharge (dc-APGD) generated in contact with flowing sample solutions is a new, very promising excitation source for analytical optical emission spectrometry, due to its low maintenance requirements and its analytical performance. Since analyzed solutions act as liquid cathodes, this discharge system is useful for the direct determination of elements dissolved in solutions without having to produce their aerosols by pneumatic nebulization. The review presents different systems and designs of dc-APGD generated with the liquid cathode applied to spectrochemical analysis in the past 20years. We discuss the effect of experimental conditions on analytical response and performance of the discharge. We include analytical figures of merit obtained with different discharge systems and their application to the analysis of environmental and biological samples containing various trace elements.
ISSN:0165-9936
1879-3142
DOI:10.1016/j.trac.2012.09.002