Noninvasive glucose detection in exhaled breath condensate

Two-thirds of patients with diabetes avoid regularly monitoring their blood glucose levels because of the painful and invasive nature of current blood glucose detection. As an alternative to blood sample collection, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has emerged as a promising noninvasive sample from w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 2019-11, Vol.213, p.1-22
Main Authors: Tankasala, Divya, Linnes, Jacqueline C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Breath Tests - methods
Comorbidity
Exhalation
Glucose - analysis
Humans
Quantum Dots - chemistry
Specimen Handling
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Summary:Two-thirds of patients with diabetes avoid regularly monitoring their blood glucose levels because of the painful and invasive nature of current blood glucose detection. As an alternative to blood sample collection, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has emerged as a promising noninvasive sample from which to monitor glucose levels. However, this dilute sample matrix requires sensors capable of detecting glucose with high resolution at nanomolar and micromolar concentrations. Recent developments in EBC collection methods and highly sensitive glucose biosensors provide a path toward enabling robust and sensitive glucose detection in EBC. This review addresses current and emerging EBC collection and glucose sensing modalities capable of quantifying glucose in EBC samples. We highlight the opportunities and challenges for development and integration of EBC glucose detection systems that will enable clinically robust and accurate EBC glucose measurements for improved glycemic control.
ISSN:1931-5244
1878-1810
DOI:10.1016/j.trsl.2019.05.006