Effect of build orientation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured grade 91 steel/monel 400 bimetallic components

• Published in: Vacuum 2024-09, Vol.227, p.113429, Article 113429
• Main Authors: Munusamy, Sivakumar, J, Jerald
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anisotropy; Fractography; Mechanical properties; Microstructure; Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)
• ISSN: 0042-207X; 1879-2715
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113429

This study explores the influence of build orientation on the microstructural and mechanical properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured (WAAM) Grade 91 Steel and Monel 400 bimetallic components, which are used in combined thermal and corrosion resistance applications. Microstructural analysis was conducted using techniques such as Optical Microscopy (OM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The research specifically examines how different orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) affect the as-built properties of these bimetallic components. Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile testing, revealing significant variations: Grade 91 steel displayed a tensile strength of 1235.2 ± 12 MPa at a 0° orientation and 1314.7 ± 5 MPa at 90°, indicating anisotropic characteristics. Similarly, Monel 400 exhibited an increase in tensile strength from 491.5 ± 12 MPa at 0° to 517.7 ± 14 MPa at 45°. Fractographic analysis indicates a predominantly ductile fracture mechanism. The results of the study are important for using WAAM to create bimetallic components for environments that combine strength, thermal resistance, and resistance to corrosion. •To fabricate the bimetallic part of grade 91 steel and monel-400 using the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing technique.•In-depth analysis of microstructures and Mechanical characterization on the bimetallic components of Grade 91 steel and Monel-400 provides vital insights into their performance.•The study reveals anisotropic mechanical properties in WAAM-manufactured materials influenced by build orientation.