Deep learning-based code indexed modulation for autonomous underwater vehicles systems

• Published in: Vehicular Communications 2021-04, Vol.28, p.100314, Article 100314
• Main Authors: Qasem, Zeyad A.H., Leftah, Hussein A., Sun, Haixin, Qi, Jie, Wang, Junfeng, Esmaiel, Hamada
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Autonomous underwater vehicles; Bandwidth efficiency; Deep learning; DSSS and energy efficiency; Index modulation; Spread spectrum
• ISSN: 2214-2096
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vehcom.2020.100314

The Multiuser Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) has been proposed for the autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) communication systems in a long transmission distance to transmit multiple users over the same channel bandwidth. Unfortunately, the DSSS data rate is limited by four users as a maximum due to the extensive multipath arrivals. This paper proposes a new scheme for the AUV communication systems called, deep learning coded index modulation-spread spectrum (DL-CIM-SS), to overcome the increasing data rate restriction of limited users number. The proposed DL-CIM-SS transmits the majority of information bits via the index of spreading code instead of transmitting all information bits physical. That doesn't only harvest more energy efficiency as the majority of information bits are not transmitted physically anymore, but also provide almost perfect detection at the receiver end. To further save the AUV energy, a pre-processing stage is added before feeding the received signal into the DL-based detector; the DL-based detector becomes environment-independent and no more training will be required during the online deployment. The proposed DL-CIM-SS performance is evaluated in this paper over simulation and measured underwater acoustic channels. The simulation results show the ability of the proposed scheme to increase the underwater acoustic data rate with significant energy efficiency improvement and low system bit and symbol error rate.