Schmallenberg disease in sheep or goats: Past, present and future

Schmallenberg disease has emerged in North-Western Europe in 2011 and has since spread widely, even across the European borders. It has the potency to infect many, mainly ruminant, species, but seems to lack zoonotic potential. Horizontal transmission occurs through various Culicoides biting midges...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary microbiology 2015-12, Vol.181 (1-2), p.147-153
Main Authors: Lievaart-Peterson, K., Luttikholt, S., Peperkamp, K., Van den Brom, R., Vellema, P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bunyaviridae Infections - epidemiology
Bunyaviridae Infections - transmission
Bunyaviridae Infections - veterinary
Ceratopogonidae
Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data
Europe - epidemiology
Female
Goats
Orthobunyavirus - isolation & purification
Pregnancy
Ruminants - abnormalities
Ruminants - virology
SBV
Schmallenberg virus
Sheep
Sheep - abnormalities
Sheep - virology
Sheep Diseases - diagnosis
Sheep Diseases - virology
Sheep, Domestic
Small ruminants
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Summary:Schmallenberg disease has emerged in North-Western Europe in 2011 and has since spread widely, even across the European borders. It has the potency to infect many, mainly ruminant, species, but seems to lack zoonotic potential. Horizontal transmission occurs through various Culicoides biting midges and subsequent trans-placental transmission causes teratogenic effects. In some small ruminants, clinical signs, including fever, decreased milk production and diarrhea occur during the viraemic phase, but infection is mostly asymptomatic. However, fetal Schmallenberg virus infection in naïve ewes and goats can result in stillborn offspring, showing a congenital arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome. The economic impact of infection depends on the number of malformed lambs, but is generally limited. There is debate on whether Schmallenberg virus has newly emerged or is re-emerging, since it is likely one of the ancestors of Shamonda virus, both Orthobunyaviruses belonging to the species Sathuperi virus within the Simbu serogroup viruses. Depending on the vector-borne transmission and the serologic status, future outbreaks of Schmallenberg disease induced congenital disease are expected.
ISSN:0378-1135
1873-2542
DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.005