2,4-D amine antagonism by salts

Research was conducted to determine the influence of salts on 2,4-D toxicity to kochia. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and iron salts except for sulfate and phosphate salts of calcium and sodium were antagonistic to 2,4-D diethanolamine. None of the ammonium salts antagonized 2,4-D control o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Weed technology 1991-10, Vol.5 (4), p.873-880
Main Authors: Nalewaja, J.D. (ND State University, Fargo, ND), Woznica, Z, Matysiak, R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2,4-D
ACEITES
ADJUVANT
ADJUVANTS
Anions
ANTAGONISM
ANTAGONISME
ANTAGONISMO
Calcium
CALIDAD DEL AGUA
CARRIERS
Cations
CHEMICAL CONTROL
CHENOPODIACEAE
Chlorides
COADYUVANTE
CONTROL QUIMICO
DESHERBAGE
ESCARDA
FITOTOXICIDAD
HERBICIDAL PROPERTIES
HERBICIDAS
HERBICIDE
herbicide carriers
HERBICIDE MIXTURES
HERBICIDES
HUILE
INORGANIC ACID SALTS
KOCHIA SCOPARIA
LUTTE CHIMIQUE
Magnesium
NONIONIC SURFACTANTS
OILS
PHYTOTOXICITE
PHYTOTOXICITY
QUALITE DE L'EAU
Quaternary ammonium compounds
SALES DE ACIDOS INORGANICOS
Salts
SEL D'ACIDE MINERAL
Sodium
Sodium bicarbonate
Sulfates
SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS
SURFACTANT
SURFACTANTES
WATER QUALITY
WEED CONTROL
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Summary:Research was conducted to determine the influence of salts on 2,4-D toxicity to kochia. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and iron salts except for sulfate and phosphate salts of calcium and sodium were antagonistic to 2,4-D diethanolamine. None of the ammonium salts antagonized 2,4-D control of kochia. Effects of individual ions generally antagonistic to 2,4-D were additive when in mixture. 2,4-D generally controlled kochia better when mixed with various acids than with their ammonium salts in distilled, sodium bicarbonate, or ferric sulfate water carriers, relating to the lower pH with the acids. However, low pH was not essential in overcoming salt antagonism of 2,4-D for kochia control, nor was 2,4-D always effective with low pH. Sulfate and monobasic phosphate anions were most effective in overcoming sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride antagonism of 2,4-D. The concentration of diammonium sulfate needed to overcome sodium bicarbonate antagonism of 2,4-D increased with sodium bicarbonate concentration. Diammonium sulfate at 2% (w/v) overcame$1200\ {\rm mg}\ {\rm L}^{-1}$sodium as sodium bicarbonate. Nonionic surfactants and oil adjuvants also overcame antagonism of 2,4-D caused by water from several sources.
ISSN:0890-037X
1550-2740
DOI:10.1017/S0890037X00034011