The Corrections Dilemma: Media Retractions Increase Belief Accuracy But Decrease Trust

• Published in: Journal of experimental political science 2024-03, Vol.11 (1), p.90-101
• Main Authors: Freitag, Joshua, Gochee, Madeline, Ransden, Mitchell, Nyhan, Brendan, Roschke, Kristy, Gillmor, Dan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2052-2630; 2052-2649
• DOI: 10.1017/XPS.2023.4

Why are prominent news media retractions so rare? Using data from a survey experiment in which respondents view simulated Twitter newsfeeds, we demonstrate the dilemma facing news organizations that have published false information. Encouragingly, media retractions are effective at informing the public – they increase the accuracy of news consumers’ beliefs about the retracted reporting more than information from third parties questioning the original reporting or even the combination of the two. However, trust in the news outlet declines after a retraction, though this effect is small both substantively and in standardized terms relative to the increase in belief accuracy. This reputational damage persists even if the outlet issues a retraction before a third party questions the story. In a social media environment that frequently subjects reporting to intense scrutiny, the journalistic mission of news organizations to inform the public will increasingly conflict with organizational incentives to avoid admitting error.