Determining the stoichiometric composition of Wyoming montmorillonite using improved transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX) techniques

Transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (TEM-EDX) represents an effective tool for determining the stoichiometric composition of clay minerals, but the methodology is often hampered by analytical difficulties. Studies of beam-sensitive minerals, such as smectites, are assoc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clays and clay minerals 2024-11, Vol.72, Article e25
Main Authors: Warr, L.N., Thombare, B.R., Sudheer Kumar, R., Peltz, M., Podlech, C., Grathoff, G.H.
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (TEM-EDX) represents an effective tool for determining the stoichiometric composition of clay minerals, but the methodology is often hampered by analytical difficulties. Studies of beam-sensitive minerals, such as smectites, are associated with low count intensities and dynamic loss of cations (e.g. K + , Na + , and Al 3+ ), which can lead to erroneous quantifications of composition. After exploring how to minimize cation migration by reducing the beam current density to 10,000 cps) were acquired. Based on 528 TEM-EDX area analyses, the composition of Wyoming montmorillonites (SWy-1, SWy-2, and SWy-3) was studied in their natural and Ca-saturated states from thin (
ISSN:0009-8604
1552-8367
DOI:10.1017/cmn.2024.20