Synthesis of Mixed-Metal MIL-68 under Mild Conditions by Controlling Nucleation Using a Microfluidic System

Metal–organic frameworks that contain trivalent metal ions as nodes (M3+–MOFs) exhibit potential for various applications due to their exceptional thermal and chemical stability; however, M3+–MOF synthesis requires extreme reaction conditions such as high temperatures, long reaction times, and hydro...

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Published in:Crystal growth & design 2022-07, Vol.22 (7), p.4139-4145
Main Authors: Yamada, Saki, Hirano, Ayumi, Tanaka, Yoko, Akiyoshi, Ryohei, Yoshikawa, Hirofumi, Tanaka, Daisuke
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Metal–organic frameworks that contain trivalent metal ions as nodes (M3+–MOFs) exhibit potential for various applications due to their exceptional thermal and chemical stability; however, M3+–MOF synthesis requires extreme reaction conditions such as high temperatures, long reaction times, and hydrogen fluoride (HF) addition. Here, we rapidly synthesized MIL-68 containing trivalent metal ions without any HF addition by controlling nucleation using microfluidic synthesis and metal mixing. Al3+ addition during the initial reaction between Fe3+ and the ligand yielded 1D chain-based secondary building units, consequently forming MIL-68. Compared to the products obtained using bulk and microwave-assisted syntheses, the product obtained via microfluidic synthesis exhibited high crystallinity. Thus, the combination of microfluidic systems and metal mixing is a novel approach in synthesizing industrially applicable M3+–MOFs.
ISSN:1528-7483
1528-7505
DOI:10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00140