Gallic Acid Resin as an Efficient Lithium Storage Anode Material for 3.6 V Li-Ion Batteries

• Published in: ACS applied energy materials 2023-08, Vol.6 (15), p.7826-7836
• Main Authors: Patel, Shubham, Gowda Y K, Guruprasada, Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh, Harish, Sampath, S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2574-0962; 2574-0962
• DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c00586

Optimization of the chemical structure is extremely important for the efficient storage of lithium ions toward high-performance, green organic-based batteries. Herein, the effect of polymerization on the performance of gallic acid resin (GAR) in lithium-ion batteries is studied. Cross-linking helps to avoid the solubility issue of gallic acid (GA) in carbonate-based lithium-ion battery electrolytes and provides chemical and mechanical stability, thereby making itself amenable for high-rate discharge. Comparative studies of GA and GAR using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Raman analysis have been carried out to understand the physicochemical properties of the synthesized resin. The resin with its three phenolic and one carboxylic acid groups in each unit shows superior performance as compared to its analogues. A capacity of 1040 mA h g–1 is achieved at low rates, and the resin withstands high rates such as 5 A g–1 resulting in stable 5000 cycles. The rate capability performance and prototype 3.6 V full-cell studies indicate the suitability of this anode material for commercial applications. The mechanistic insight into lithium storage has been studied using FTIR, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques.