The Effect of Raw Full-Fat Soybean and Its Lectin on the Nutrition and Pigmentation of Broilers

• Published in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2004-09, Vol.52 (18), p.5702-5708
• Main Authors: Casaubon-Huguenin, Maria Teresa, Ávila-González, Ernesto, Vazquez-Pelaez, Carlos, Trigo, Francisco, Lascurain, Ricardo, Zenteno, Edgar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: agglutinins; Animals; antinutritional factors; Biological and medical sciences; broiler chickens; broiler feeding; Chickens; Diet; diet-related diseases; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; digestive system diseases; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Food industries; Fruit and vegetable industries; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Glycine max - adverse effects; Glycine max - chemistry; Growth Disorders - etiology; Growth Disorders - pathology; Growth Disorders - veterinary; growth retardation; immunohistochemistry; Intestinal Absorption; intestinal mucosa; intestines; Intestines - pathology; malabsorption; Meat; pathogenesis; Pigmentation; Plant Lectins - administration & dosage; Plant Lectins - adverse effects; poultry diseases; Poultry Diseases - etiology; Poultry Diseases - pathology; raw materials; runting and stunting syndrome; soy protein; Soybean Proteins - administration & dosage; Soybean Proteins - adverse effects; soybeans; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; xanthophylls
• ISSN: 0021-8561; 1520-5118
• DOI: 10.1021/jf0307604

This study was aimed at determining the effect of raw full-fat soybean in the digestion/absorption of broilers and to evaluate the role of soybean agglutinin (SBA) in the pathogenesis of the runting and stunting syndrome of broilers. Six broiler groups were fed with six experimental diets for 42 days in which the defatted soybean meal of the basal diet was substituted with increasing raw full-fat soybean percentages ranging from 0 to 100%. The results suggested that SBA included in the raw full-fat soybean can play a role in the pathogenesis of the runting and stunting syndrome in broilers since binding and incorporation of SBA to enterocytes were associated with hyperplasia and dysplasia of the intestinal epithelium, as suggested by the progressive increases (P < 0.001) of mitosis/crypt in the duodenum and in the midintestine, as well as by intestinal villi atrophy (P < 0.001) in the duodenum and the midintestine. Indigestion and malabsorption of proteins induced progressive low weight gain (P < 0.001) up to 50% with 100% of raw full-fat soybean in the diet at 42 days. Xanthophylls in serum and skin yellowness were enhanced linearly in the broilers fed 42 days with increasing percentages of raw full-fat soybean in the diet. Increased xanthophylls absorption and decreased protein absorption can be caused by pathological changes in the epithelial intestine triggered by SBA binding and internalization. Keywords: Broiler; raw full-fat soybean; soybean agglutinin; Glycine max; intestine; immunohistochemistry; feces; pigmentation; growth