Sulfide Treatment of ZnO Single Crystals and Nanorods and the Effect on P3HT−ZnO Photovoltaic Device Properties

Surface chemical changes or passivation can be used to enhance the electrical performance of device structures. The solution-based (NH4)2S x treatment of ZnO single crystals of (0001), (101̅0), and (0001̅) orientations as well as ZnO nanorods was studied by using X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of physical chemistry. C 2009-12, Vol.113 (50), p.21147-21154
Main Authors: Uhlrich, John J, Franking, Ryan, Hamers, Robert J, Kuech, Thomas F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
C: Surfaces, Interfaces, Catalysis
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Summary:Surface chemical changes or passivation can be used to enhance the electrical performance of device structures. The solution-based (NH4)2S x treatment of ZnO single crystals of (0001), (101̅0), and (0001̅) orientations as well as ZnO nanorods was studied by using X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS and UPS). The (101̅0) and (0001̅)-oriented single crystals and ZnO nanorods each showed evidence that the ZnO was consumed, forming a ZnS layer at the surface. In contrast, the ZnO (0001) crystal did not substantially react with the sulfide solution. However, the surface hydroxyl species were displaced by a sulfide passivation layer of 0.21 ML. This process resulted in an apparent increase in upward band bending by ∼0.1−0.3 eV. P3HT−ZnO photovoltaic devices fabricated on O-polar single crystals showed electrical properties which can be correlated with ZnS formation due to the sulfide treatment.
ISSN:1932-7447
1932-7455
DOI:10.1021/jp906566v