A versatile binder-free TiO 2 paste for dye-sensitized solar cells

• Published in: RSC advances 2015, Vol.5 (37), p.29513-29523
• Main Authors: Yune, Jeremy H., Karatchevtseva, Inna, Evans, Peter J., Wagner, Klaudia, Griffith, Matthew J., Officer, David, Triani, Gerry
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2046-2069; 2046-2069
• DOI: 10.1039/C4RA14247K

In this study, binder-free TiO 2 colloidal pastes have been prepared using a variety of heterocyclic bases with diverse characteristics to produce robust photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) from a single cast film thickness of 5 micron. The influence of the base on the electrode structure and film morphology, including its electron donor characteristics are investigated after low temperature thermal treatment and high temperature sintering. The results show that quinoline in the TiO 2 paste is retained within the electrode structure in comparison to piperidine and pyridine after a short thermal treatment of 150 °C for 15 minutes. The presence of organic additives with π-conjugation in the photoanode enhances both electron injection efficiency and charge carrier lifetime resulting in higher J sc and V oc . This formulation in combination with low temperature processing yields an energy conversion efficiency of over 5% in DSSC devices. In devices where high temperature sintering is permitted, the performance of TiO 2 electrodes converges towards an efficiency of over 6%, irrespective of the organic additive within the paste. This formulation offers a high degree of versatility in casting electrodes onto polymer, glass or metal foil substrates from a single source of TiO 2 paste, for the many variants of low-cost solar cells.