Defense mechanisms and nutrient displacement in Arabidopsis thaliana upon exposure to CeO 2 and In 2 O 3 nanoparticles

• Published in: Environmental science. Nano 2016, Vol.3 (6), p.1369-1379
• Main Authors: Ma, Chuanxin, Liu, Hong, Guo, Huiyuan, Musante, Craig, Coskun, Sanem Hosbas, Nelson, Bryant C., White, Jason C., Xing, Baoshan, Dhankher, Om Parkash
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2051-8153; 2051-8161
• DOI: 10.1039/C6EN00189K

Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) can cause toxicity to terrestrial plants, however there is little understanding of plant defense mechanisms that may counteract nanotoxicity. In the present study, we investigated the defense mechanisms of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to 250 mg L −1 and 1000 mg L −1 cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) and indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) NPs exposure. Excessive amounts of total reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured upon exposure to both NPs, demonstrating clear oxidative stress in Arabidopsis . Analysis of ROS scavenger activity indicated that activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD) were significantly elevated upon exposure to CeO 2 NPs, while these elevations were only evident for SOD and POD activities in the In 2 O 3 NP treatments. In addition, the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) were increased by approximately 15% and 51% by 1000 mg L −1 CeO 2 and In 2 O 3 treatment, respectively. Furthermore, the activities of phenylanine ammonialyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were greatly induced in response to both types of NPs. Additionally, both NPs disrupted the uptake of elemental nutrients, as is evident from the significantly lower levels of Fe accumulation in Arabidopsis root tissues exposed to CeO 2 and In 2 O 3 NPs. These results were further supported by the differential regulation of three iron-regulating genes, including ferric chelate reductase (FRO), iron-regulated transporter (IRT) and ferritin (FER), at various time points. The findings provide useful mechanistic information for plant detoxification pathways following NP exposure.