Site-selective symmetries of Eu 3+ -doped BaTiO 3 ceramics: a structural elucidation by optical spectroscopy

• Published in: Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices Materials for optical and electronic devices, 2019-11, Vol.7 (44), p.13976-13985
• Main Authors: Serna-Gallén, Pablo, Beltrán-Mir, Héctor, Cordoncillo, Eloísa, West, Anthony R., Balda, Rolindes, Fernández, Joaquín
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2050-7526; 2050-7534
• DOI: 10.1039/C9TC03987B

Eu 3+ -Doped BaTiO 3 ceramics with dopant contents between 0 and 10 mol% were prepared by sol–gel synthesis based on the nominal compositions (Ba 1−3x Eu 2x )TiO 3 and Ba(Ti 1−x Eu x )O 3−x/2 , where two possible substitution mechanisms are addressed. By means of optical spectroscopy, our study gives a plausible elucidation of Eu 3+ site occupation in micron-sized BaTiO 3 particles. Time-resolved fluorescence line narrowing (TRFLN) shows the presence of five different crystal field sites for europium ions and possible symmetries are inferred for each one. The solubility limit of the lanthanide ion was found to be about 3 mol%. The experimental results are consistent with the preference of Eu 3+ to occupy Ba 2+ sites regardless of the nominal compositions and target substitution mechanism. However, TRFLN results showed that the dopant could also occupy Ti 4+ sites, highlighting the amphoteric character of Eu 3+ . The existence of anti-Stokes and Stokes vibronic sidebands in the 5 D 0 → 7 F 0,1 transitions of Eu 3+ ions is confirmed. This can explain the lack of resolution found in room temperature spectra of these transitions due to vibronic mixing of the excited levels. The existence of non-equivalent europium sites with different spectroscopic properties could have an impact on the optical properties of doped-BaTiO 3 ceramics and associated applications.