Research developments in the syntheses, anti-inflammatory activities and structure-activity relationships of pyrimidines

Pyrimidines are aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-membered ring. Numerous natural and synthetic pyrimidines are known to exist. They display a range of pharmacological effects including antioxidants, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:RSC advances 2021-02, Vol.11 (11), p.66-698
Main Authors: Rashid, Haroon ur, Martines, Marco Antonio Utrera, Duarte, Adriana Pereira, Jorge, Juliana, Rasool, Shagufta, Muhammad, Riaz, Ahmad, Nasir, Umar, Muhammad Naveed
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Antioxidants
Aromatic compounds
Chemistry
Fungicides
Heterocyclic compounds
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen atoms
Pyrimidines
Synthesis
Toxicity
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Summary:Pyrimidines are aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-membered ring. Numerous natural and synthetic pyrimidines are known to exist. They display a range of pharmacological effects including antioxidants, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antituberculosis, and anti-inflammatory. This review sums up recent developments in the synthesis, anti-inflammatory effects, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of pyrimidine derivatives. Numerous methods for the synthesis of pyrimidines are described. Anti-inflammatory effects of pyrimidines are attributed to their inhibitory response versus the expression and activities of certain vital inflammatory mediators namely prostaglandin E 2 , inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor κB, leukotrienes, and some interleukins. Literature studies reveal that a large number of pyrimidines exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects. SARs of numerous pyrimidines have been discussed in detail. Several possible research guidelines and suggestions for the development of new pyrimidines as anti-inflammatory agents are also given. Detailed SAR analysis and prospects together provide clues for the synthesis of novel pyrimidine analogs possessing enhanced anti-inflammatory activities with minimum toxicity. This review sums up recent developments in the syntheses, anti-inflammatory activities, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of pyrimidine derivatives.
ISSN:2046-2069
2046-2069
DOI:10.1039/d0ra10657g