A look to surface water and wastewaters in Beira Baixa, Portugal: wastewater treatment plants and environmental risk

• Published in: Environmental science water research & technology 2022-10, Vol.8 (1), p.2326-2341
• Main Authors: Silva, Sofia, Cardoso, Vitor Vale, Duarte, Lúcia, Carneiro, Rui Neves, Almeida, Cristina M. M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algae; Antibiotics; Clarithromycin; Effluents; Environmental risk; Erythromycin; Influents; Quotients; Receiving waters; Surface water; Trophic levels; Wastewater treatment; Wastewater treatment plants; Water treatment
• ISSN: 2053-1400; 2053-1419
• DOI: 10.1039/d2ew00185c

The presence of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in environmental samples is of great concern. Most of these compounds come from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to the ineffectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, evaluating the removal efficiency of conventional wastewater treatments is mandatory to eliminate or reduce the concentration of PhACs from the WWTP effluents and, more importantly, to assess these target residues' impact in the receiving waters. This work quantifies twenty-six PhACs in the influents and effluents of five conventional WWTPs in Beira Baixa (Portugal) and their corresponding receiving waters. The results indicate concentration levels in the range of 0.03-348 μg L −1 , 0.04-84.8 μg L −1 , and 0.04-5.26 μg L −1 from influents and effluents WWTPs and receiving waters, respectively. The environmental risk posed by PhACs was assessed by means of risk quotients (RQs) at four trophic levels. Several target PhACs showed RQs values close to one for some trophic levels. Especial attention should be paid to antibiotics such as erythromycin and clarithromycin since their risk quotients in downstream samples revealed that they could pose an ecotoxicological risk to algae. Some PhACs were not eliminated in WWTPs. Some PhACs were detected in upstream and downstream water samples. Some PhACs showed higher sensitivity for specific trophic levels.