Consolidation and performance gains in plasma-sintered printed nanoelectrodes
We report on the unusual, advantageous ageing of flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) that were self-assembled from oleylamine-capped gold nanospheres (AuNPs) by direct nanoimprinting of inks with different particle concentrations ( c Au = 3 mg mL −1 to 30 mg mL −1 ). The resulting lines were less...
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Published in: | Nanoscale advances 2023-08, Vol.5 (16), p.4124-4132 |
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description | We report on the unusual, advantageous ageing of flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) that were self-assembled from oleylamine-capped gold nanospheres (AuNPs) by direct nanoimprinting of inks with different particle concentrations (
c
Au
= 3 mg mL
−1
to 30 mg mL
−1
). The resulting lines were less than 2.5 μm wide and consisted of disordered particle assemblies. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering confirmed that particle packing did not change with ink concentration. Plasma sintering converted the printed structures into lines with a thin, electrically conductive metal shell and a less conductive hybrid core. We studied the opto-electronic performance directly after plasma sintering and after fourteen days of storage at 22 °C and 55%
rH
in the dark. The mean optical transmittance
T&cmb.macr;
400-800
in the range from 400 nm to 800 nm increased by up to 3%, while the sheet resistance
R
sh
strongly decreased by up to 82% at all concentrations. We correlated the changes with morphological changes visible in scanning and transmission electron microscopy and identified two sequential ageing stages: (I) post-plasma relaxation effects in and consolidation of the shell, and (II) particle re-organization, de-mixing, coarsening, and densification of the core with plating of Au from the core onto the shell, followed by solid-state de-wetting (ink concentrations
c
Au
< 15 mg mL
−1
) or stability (
c
Au
≥ 15 mg mL
−1
). The plating of Au from the hybrid core improved the FTEs' Figure of Merit FOM =
T&cmb.macr;
400-800
·
R
sh
−1
by up to 5.8 times and explains the stable value of 3.3%·
Ω
sq
−1
reached after 7 days of ageing at
c
Au
= 30 mg mL
−1
.
Oleylamine-capped Au nanoparticles were imprinted and plasma-sintered, forming flexible transparent electrodes with a closed Au shell and hybrid core. They consolidate with time, increasing the electrode figure of merit up to 5.8 times, decreasing sheet resistance. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1039/d3na00293d |
format | article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1039_D3NA00293D</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2848842378</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c360t-9603cc4b54a5616c19538b2cec6a595be501f60d73c1cacea8dae966b9b4a9b23</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpVkc1LAzEQxYMottRevCt7FGE12WTTzUlK6xf4cdFzmE2mdWU3qclW8L93a2utp3nwfrwZ5hFyzOgFo1xdWu6A0kxxu0f6Wc5kSjNO93d0jwxjfKcdxIQQI3VIenyUSyoy2iePE--irysLbeVdAs4mCwwzHxpwBpM5VC4mlUsWNcQG0li5FgN2UFgpmzhwHms0bfAW4xE5mEEdcbiZA_J6c_0yuUsfnm_vJ-OH1HBJ21RJyo0RZS4gl0wapnJelJlBIyFXeYk5ZTNJ7YgbZsAgFBZQSVmqUoAqMz4gV-vcxbJs0Bp0bYBad0c1EL60h0r_d1z1puf-UzMqaCEZ7xLONgnBfywxtrqposG6Bod-GXVWiKIQGR8VHXq-Rk3wMQacbfcwqlcd6Cl_Gv90MO3g093LtujvxzvgZA2EaLbuX4n8G_dtjX8</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2848842378</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Consolidation and performance gains in plasma-sintered printed nanoelectrodes</title><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Engel, Lukas F ; González-García, Lola ; Kraus, Tobias</creator><creatorcontrib>Engel, Lukas F ; González-García, Lola ; Kraus, Tobias</creatorcontrib><description>We report on the unusual, advantageous ageing of flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) that were self-assembled from oleylamine-capped gold nanospheres (AuNPs) by direct nanoimprinting of inks with different particle concentrations (
c
Au
= 3 mg mL
−1
to 30 mg mL
−1
). The resulting lines were less than 2.5 μm wide and consisted of disordered particle assemblies. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering confirmed that particle packing did not change with ink concentration. Plasma sintering converted the printed structures into lines with a thin, electrically conductive metal shell and a less conductive hybrid core. We studied the opto-electronic performance directly after plasma sintering and after fourteen days of storage at 22 °C and 55%
rH
in the dark. The mean optical transmittance
T&cmb.macr;
400-800
in the range from 400 nm to 800 nm increased by up to 3%, while the sheet resistance
R
sh
strongly decreased by up to 82% at all concentrations. We correlated the changes with morphological changes visible in scanning and transmission electron microscopy and identified two sequential ageing stages: (I) post-plasma relaxation effects in and consolidation of the shell, and (II) particle re-organization, de-mixing, coarsening, and densification of the core with plating of Au from the core onto the shell, followed by solid-state de-wetting (ink concentrations
c
Au
< 15 mg mL
−1
) or stability (
c
Au
≥ 15 mg mL
−1
). The plating of Au from the hybrid core improved the FTEs' Figure of Merit FOM =
T&cmb.macr;
400-800
·
R
sh
−1
by up to 5.8 times and explains the stable value of 3.3%·
Ω
sq
−1
reached after 7 days of ageing at
c
Au
= 30 mg mL
−1
.
Oleylamine-capped Au nanoparticles were imprinted and plasma-sintered, forming flexible transparent electrodes with a closed Au shell and hybrid core. They consolidate with time, increasing the electrode figure of merit up to 5.8 times, decreasing sheet resistance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2516-0230</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2516-0230</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1039/d3na00293d</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37560420</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: RSC</publisher><subject>Chemistry</subject><ispartof>Nanoscale advances, 2023-08, Vol.5 (16), p.4124-4132</ispartof><rights>This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.</rights><rights>This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2023 RSC</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c360t-9603cc4b54a5616c19538b2cec6a595be501f60d73c1cacea8dae966b9b4a9b23</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8002-6942 ; 0000-0003-2951-1704 ; 0000-0002-8474-6517</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10408613/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10408613/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27922,27923,53789,53791</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37560420$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Engel, Lukas F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González-García, Lola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kraus, Tobias</creatorcontrib><title>Consolidation and performance gains in plasma-sintered printed nanoelectrodes</title><title>Nanoscale advances</title><addtitle>Nanoscale Adv</addtitle><description>We report on the unusual, advantageous ageing of flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) that were self-assembled from oleylamine-capped gold nanospheres (AuNPs) by direct nanoimprinting of inks with different particle concentrations (
c
Au
= 3 mg mL
−1
to 30 mg mL
−1
). The resulting lines were less than 2.5 μm wide and consisted of disordered particle assemblies. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering confirmed that particle packing did not change with ink concentration. Plasma sintering converted the printed structures into lines with a thin, electrically conductive metal shell and a less conductive hybrid core. We studied the opto-electronic performance directly after plasma sintering and after fourteen days of storage at 22 °C and 55%
rH
in the dark. The mean optical transmittance
T&cmb.macr;
400-800
in the range from 400 nm to 800 nm increased by up to 3%, while the sheet resistance
R
sh
strongly decreased by up to 82% at all concentrations. We correlated the changes with morphological changes visible in scanning and transmission electron microscopy and identified two sequential ageing stages: (I) post-plasma relaxation effects in and consolidation of the shell, and (II) particle re-organization, de-mixing, coarsening, and densification of the core with plating of Au from the core onto the shell, followed by solid-state de-wetting (ink concentrations
c
Au
< 15 mg mL
−1
) or stability (
c
Au
≥ 15 mg mL
−1
). The plating of Au from the hybrid core improved the FTEs' Figure of Merit FOM =
T&cmb.macr;
400-800
·
R
sh
−1
by up to 5.8 times and explains the stable value of 3.3%·
Ω
sq
−1
reached after 7 days of ageing at
c
Au
= 30 mg mL
−1
.
Oleylamine-capped Au nanoparticles were imprinted and plasma-sintered, forming flexible transparent electrodes with a closed Au shell and hybrid core. They consolidate with time, increasing the electrode figure of merit up to 5.8 times, decreasing sheet resistance.</description><subject>Chemistry</subject><issn>2516-0230</issn><issn>2516-0230</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpVkc1LAzEQxYMottRevCt7FGE12WTTzUlK6xf4cdFzmE2mdWU3qclW8L93a2utp3nwfrwZ5hFyzOgFo1xdWu6A0kxxu0f6Wc5kSjNO93d0jwxjfKcdxIQQI3VIenyUSyoy2iePE--irysLbeVdAs4mCwwzHxpwBpM5VC4mlUsWNcQG0li5FgN2UFgpmzhwHms0bfAW4xE5mEEdcbiZA_J6c_0yuUsfnm_vJ-OH1HBJ21RJyo0RZS4gl0wapnJelJlBIyFXeYk5ZTNJ7YgbZsAgFBZQSVmqUoAqMz4gV-vcxbJs0Bp0bYBad0c1EL60h0r_d1z1puf-UzMqaCEZ7xLONgnBfywxtrqposG6Bod-GXVWiKIQGR8VHXq-Rk3wMQacbfcwqlcd6Cl_Gv90MO3g093LtujvxzvgZA2EaLbuX4n8G_dtjX8</recordid><startdate>20230808</startdate><enddate>20230808</enddate><creator>Engel, Lukas F</creator><creator>González-García, Lola</creator><creator>Kraus, Tobias</creator><general>RSC</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8002-6942</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2951-1704</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-6517</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230808</creationdate><title>Consolidation and performance gains in plasma-sintered printed nanoelectrodes</title><author>Engel, Lukas F ; González-García, Lola ; Kraus, Tobias</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c360t-9603cc4b54a5616c19538b2cec6a595be501f60d73c1cacea8dae966b9b4a9b23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Chemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Engel, Lukas F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González-García, Lola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kraus, Tobias</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nanoscale advances</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Engel, Lukas F</au><au>González-García, Lola</au><au>Kraus, Tobias</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Consolidation and performance gains in plasma-sintered printed nanoelectrodes</atitle><jtitle>Nanoscale advances</jtitle><addtitle>Nanoscale Adv</addtitle><date>2023-08-08</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>16</issue><spage>4124</spage><epage>4132</epage><pages>4124-4132</pages><issn>2516-0230</issn><eissn>2516-0230</eissn><abstract>We report on the unusual, advantageous ageing of flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) that were self-assembled from oleylamine-capped gold nanospheres (AuNPs) by direct nanoimprinting of inks with different particle concentrations (
c
Au
= 3 mg mL
−1
to 30 mg mL
−1
). The resulting lines were less than 2.5 μm wide and consisted of disordered particle assemblies. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering confirmed that particle packing did not change with ink concentration. Plasma sintering converted the printed structures into lines with a thin, electrically conductive metal shell and a less conductive hybrid core. We studied the opto-electronic performance directly after plasma sintering and after fourteen days of storage at 22 °C and 55%
rH
in the dark. The mean optical transmittance
T&cmb.macr;
400-800
in the range from 400 nm to 800 nm increased by up to 3%, while the sheet resistance
R
sh
strongly decreased by up to 82% at all concentrations. We correlated the changes with morphological changes visible in scanning and transmission electron microscopy and identified two sequential ageing stages: (I) post-plasma relaxation effects in and consolidation of the shell, and (II) particle re-organization, de-mixing, coarsening, and densification of the core with plating of Au from the core onto the shell, followed by solid-state de-wetting (ink concentrations
c
Au
< 15 mg mL
−1
) or stability (
c
Au
≥ 15 mg mL
−1
). The plating of Au from the hybrid core improved the FTEs' Figure of Merit FOM =
T&cmb.macr;
400-800
·
R
sh
−1
by up to 5.8 times and explains the stable value of 3.3%·
Ω
sq
−1
reached after 7 days of ageing at
c
Au
= 30 mg mL
−1
.
Oleylamine-capped Au nanoparticles were imprinted and plasma-sintered, forming flexible transparent electrodes with a closed Au shell and hybrid core. They consolidate with time, increasing the electrode figure of merit up to 5.8 times, decreasing sheet resistance.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>RSC</pub><pmid>37560420</pmid><doi>10.1039/d3na00293d</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8002-6942</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2951-1704</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-6517</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | PubMed Central |
subjects | Chemistry |
title | Consolidation and performance gains in plasma-sintered printed nanoelectrodes |
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