Assembling phenyl-modified colloidal silica on graphene oxide towards ethanol redispersible graphene oxide powder

• Published in: RSC advances 2023-06, Vol.13 (29), p.281-292
• Main Authors: Huang, Jian, Zhang, Qian, Yang, Zhengcai, Hu, Hailong, Manuka, Mesfin, Zhao, Yuting, Wang, Xin, Wang, Wufeng, Yang, Rong, Jian, Shouwei, Tan, Hongbo, Li, Xiangguo, Lv, Yang, Tang, Pei, Ma, Baoguo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chemical composition; Chemistry; Drying; Ethanol; Fourier transforms; Graphene; Hydrogen bonds; Infrared analysis; Infrared spectroscopy; Nanospheres; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Raman spectroscopy; Reduction; Silicon dioxide; Sol-gel processes; Spectrum analysis; Stability analysis; Surface stability; Thermogravimetry
• ISSN: 2046-2069; 2046-2069
• DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02256k

Recently, ethanol has shown promising potential in the large-scale reduction of graphene oxide (GO) into graphene. However, dispersion of GO powder in ethanol is a challenge due to its poor affinity, which hinders permeation and intercalation of ethanol between GO molecule layers. In this paper, phenyl-modified colloidal silica nanospheres (PSNS) were synthesized by phenyl-tri-ethoxy-silane (PTES) and tetra-ethyl ortho -silicate (TEOS) using a sol-gel method. PSNS was then assembled onto a GO surface to form a PSNS@GO structure by possible non-covalent π-π stacking interactions between the phenyl groups and GO molecules. The surface morphology, chemical composition, and dispersion stability were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and particle sedimentation test. The results showed that the as-assembled PSNS@GO suspension had excellent dispersion stability with an optimal PSNS concentration of 5 vol% PTES. With the optimized PSNS@GO, ethanol can permeate between the GO layers and intercalate along with PSNS particles via formation of hydrogen bonds between assembled PSNS on GO and ethanol, achieving a stable dispersion of GO in ethanol. The optimized PSNS@GO powder remained redispersible after drying and milling according to this interaction mechanism which is favorable for large scale reduction processes. Higher PTES concentration may result in agglomeration of PSNS and formation of wrapping structures of PSNS@GO after drying and worsen its dispersion capability. GO modified with PSNS enables stable redispersion in ethanol, thus providing a method for large-scale reduction of GO into graphene.